The fear for Unilever is the fact that Previous research done on pricing strategies hasn’t made clear the pricing strategies that works and guarantees increased sales and profitability in Nigeria. Koske (2012), made the case that price skimming strategy would make the consumers see the product as a high quality one. He concluded that this would increase sales, as the consumers will feel safe in the knowledge that they are getting value for their money. However, Attih & Adams (2014) contrarily ... read more

Consumer Protection; this is the protection of buyers of goods and services against low quality or dangerous products and advertisement that deceive people. Consumer Protection can also be defined as a means of safeguarding the interest and rights of consumers from unscrupulous and unethical malpractices by the business and to provide them speedy redresser of their grievances. (Investopedia) Brand Loyalty: is a pattern of consumer behavior where consumers become committed to ... read more

he findings from this research will be beneficial to both advertisers and manufacturers/companies incl;uding those in the advertising profession, by enabling them to know how the use the feminine gender is perceived by audience. Similarly, findings from the study will help provide feedback, a framework which business organization will use to measure the effectiveness of their product advertisement. It will also give them a better understanding and knowledge of advertising activities as... read more

Three Nigerian banks would be considered for this project namely: Wema, Zenith and the United Bank of Africa (UBA). Observations show that these banks have a working system of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Customer participation and support services are also a priority to these banks. Considering this condition, these banks were most suitable for the research adding to the fact that the banks are of close proximity to where the research is going to be carried out. For this project, the... read more

Advertising is any paid form of non-personal communication about an organization or its product to a target audience through a mass/broadcast medium by an identified sponsor. It should be observed that for any promotional activity to be called advertisement it must be paid for. In the real sense, it is the method used by companies for creating awareness of their products, as well as making new products known to the new and potential consumers.

It is a fact in materials management that continuity in production or provision of services on constant flow of required inventory. However, the question confronting the materials management remain, how much shall be ordered when the quality available is less than required to meet production demand or the quantity is less than order point and how best to plan and control the quantity of inventory needed at a given time.

One element that has undergone tremendous change in the past decade is branding and packaging according to Rahim, liberalization by allowing for easy imports of printing technology. Made a vast difference to packaging and branding Simplistic, almost primitive packaging has given way to vibrant, colorful labels with more pictures. Packaging is also no longer meant merely for storage; the label nowadays addresses concerns about the product, ingredients shelf life and so on (Rahim 2002)

Throughout history every society has faced the fundamental economic problem of deciding what to produce, and for whom, in a world of limited resources (Alderson, 1962). In the 20th century, two competing economic systems, broadly speaking, have provided very different answers: command economies directed by a centralized government, and market economies based on private enterprise. At the end of the 20th century, it is clear that, for people throughout the world, the central, command economy mode... read more

Advertisement is one of the four major tools that companies use to direct persuasive communication to target buyers and publics. It consists of non- personal or one-way forms of communication conducted through paid media under clear sponsorship. The advertisers included not only commercial firms but museums, fund raiser and various social action organisations seeking to advertise their causes to various target publics. As a matter of fact, the thirty four largest advertising spender in the u.s i... read more

We live in a world of packaging our foods, our supplies and to a large extent our clothing. We use packaging in wide variety of forms, shapes and materials. Packaging means all the activities in the product planning that involves designing and producing the container or wrapper for a product. The wrapper container is called the package. The exterior cover for a product packaging is often referred to as the silent salesman because it has the ability to persuade people to impulse buying. It cal... read more

In deciding on how to properly utilize the marketing communication mix to meet organization objectives, it is important to consider the relatives strength and weakness of each of the component of promotional mix. Many companies recognizes the need to integrate their various marketing communication efforts, such as media advertising, personal selling, sales promotion public relations, and direct marking to achieved more effective marking communication. The company also develops its integrate... read more

Marketing was defined by Kotler (2001) “as a societal process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of value with others. Staton (1964) defines marketing “as a total interaction of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and distribute want satisfying products and services to present to potential customers.

The concept of packaging describes the overall presentation of a product or services to the consumers and the manufacturers respectively in a form that will protect, preserve, promote, measure and describe the content of the pack. Packaging is the first contact a consumer has with the product, so it is therefore of prime importance that materials are utilized to achieve the basic function of packaging. This study will investigate how companies determine its packaging process and also focus... read more

Promotion as we all know is an integral part of the entire marketing mix variable and concepts. Promotion is done for all marketing activities to have a feel of what the targeted market (consumers) feels or think about other variables of the marketing mix. Production and marketing of goods and services make room for pricing placement and product. In promotion of goods and services communication process techniques must be applied, communication techniques have no dear demarcation from promotio... read more

Marketing has over the years advanced from various concepts and philosophies, which include the production concept, selling concepts, and product concepts. The marketing concept is viewed from the customers orientation philosophy which seek to identify unsatisfied consumer needs and wants, and this develops goods and services tailored towards filling up and satisfying such needs though not all organization practices this concept but successful firms embark on it. Given the intense and growing... read more

Marketing is a business that identifies unfulfilled needs and wants defines and measures their magnitude determines which target market, the organization can best serve and decide on appropriate product, services and program to serve these markets. Consumer are the most important things to consider while operating any business environment. It must therefore be clear that a through and constant study of the consumers is one thing and another entirely those needs of the consumer at a prof... read more

Material Management was first discovered as very important function during the Second World War. After industrial revolution industries are sprining up in hundred everyday activities, raw materials and scare, production has become complex and the number of goods, components and raw materials have increased to thousand account head to be prepared and customer need to be attended to writing a short period of time. Alternative sources are required and new product need improvements and development w... read more

Customers are becoming harder to please. They are smarter, more price conscious, more demanding, less forgiving, and they are approached by many more competitors with equal or better offers. The challenge , according to Jeffery Gitomer (2004), is not necessarily to produce the goods or provide one service but take these goods or services nearer to the consumers in a more satisfactorily means better than the several competitors can do. Companies seeking to expand their profits and sales have t... read more

Branding has been around for centuries as a means to distinguish the goods of one producer from those of another producer. To firms, brands represent enormously valuable pieces of legal property that can influence consumer behaviour, be bought and sold as well as provide the security of sustained future revenues of their owner. Well- recognized brands make shopping easier. Brand promotion has advantages for branders as well as customers. A good brand reduces the marketer’s selling time and eff... read more

Soft Drinks Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria adopt many strategies to enhance the sale of their variously branded products, various sales methods such as branding, heavy promotional efforts in form of sales promotion, personal selling, advertising, public relations and publicity are adopted as strategies to enhance sales efforts. Besides, the effects of mass production and cut-throat competition in soft drinks market in Nigeria have equally called for various strategies to be adopted by the c... read more