The practice of marketing is a crucial human invention. It is set of activity which facilitates exchange transaction involving economic goods and services for the ultimate purpose of satisfying human needs (Ihionkhan, 2008). Sellers and buyers sought to understand each others needs, wants, capacity and psychology with the goals of getting the exchange of goods and services to take place. Such meeting place embodied many aspects of today’s marketing methods such as marketing planning and str... read more

STRESS AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG MARKET TRADERS

Historically, management has considered product packaging only for the purpose of ascertaining the product and had assigned the role responsibility of the packaging to the production department. However modern marketing managers regard packaging as a supplementary promotional tool for their product. It has been shown that in self service store, it is packaging on product that does the selling. No wonder it is often regarded as the silent salesman.

An advertiser can be defined as a person, organization or company that places advertisements in order to target audience or customers. The entire business of a commercial organization or company starts with advertising. That is to say that the rise and fall of the profit of a company depends solely on the expenditure incurred by the advertiser. A form of marketing communication used to persuade an audience to take or continue some actions, usually with respect to a commercial offering, or pol... read more

Distribution of soft drinks in Nigeria simply suplies the system through which the soft drinks are brought to the prospect final consumers within the Nigeria economy. Soft drinks are produced by the soft drinks industries within and outside the country and carefully distributed to the final consumers in order to complete the production processes. In the physical distributed to the final consumers in order to complete the production process. In the physical distribution of these soft drinks, basi... read more

The nutritional status of the population is one of the important factors in determining the quality and productivity by a population, which in turn will affect, national productivity. In the long run, good nutritional status contributes to the social and economic development of a nation. However, many nutritional studies, particularly in developing countries, have indicated that certain segments of the population suffer from one or more nutrient deficiencies, which can have serious effects on th... read more

Business is like a bicycle either you keep moving or you fall down. Over the century, man have been able to achieve so many fears, one of those great fears is the ability to like the whole world together through invisible thread called communication, without communication we would merely be isolated groups without any coordination we have today. In prehistoric time communication was haphazard and primitive. With time however the need for a better organized and developed system of communicatio... read more

The topic of this research work is of course, customer services in the financial institutions, a step towards improving profitability (a case study of Union Bank Plc Oko). Woodruff (1997) defines profitability as the ability of an investment or a company to make a profit after costs. Overhead, etc. profit on the other hand, is the difference between the income of the business and all its costs and expenses over a period of time. Shaw (1990) defines a service as a performanc... read more

The product or watchword for marketing has to be associated to “innovation or die. This innovational attributes can become a philosophy compelling or almost parallel to that of the marketing concept (Stanton W.S 1981). Definitions 1. Offering new improved products for present markets. 2. A strategy of selling a new product to existing markets. 3. A state of creating new products that moves the product from concept to test phase and also involves the de... read more

This research work is on the impact of advertising in the marketing of banking services. This work was carried out in order to determine the impact of advertising in the marketing of banking services using Micro Finance Bank Plc Oko as a case study. As a matter of fact, financial industries are banks and other insurance firms. Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsors. This look at the v... read more

The beginning of the twentieth Century witnessed an outburst of advertising efforts the bottling companies. This outburst was necessitated by the desire to outsell the other in the consumer market, since soft drinks are competitive products. In order to maintain a stronghold of their various market segments, or even to widen an existing market, different advertising strategies erupted prominent among them are sales promotions, sales campaign, point of purchase displays, media advertising e.t.c.

New product development process allows firms to deal with progressively intensive competition when facing challenges from rapidly changing market condition. Companies try to gain sustainable competitive advantages with continues innovation. These effort are critical for the companies because introducing a new product to the market is expensive and challenging due to acquiring new knowledge and technologies and implementing new processes.

Although all consumers purchase and consume products from time to time, it is generally agreed that there are some factors that influences the decision the consumers take when it comes to purchasing and consumption. This influence helps to shape or determine what is known as consumer behaviour. Consumer’s decision to buy a particular product is usually subjected to a lot of influences which include the distinctive living pattern of cultural groups as well as ethnic, religious and racial bac... read more

Lack of consumer protection therefore in developing countries especially Nigeria has led to unstable loyalty to the different brands which has made consumers to change brands frequently to satisfy their needs. From the forgoing therefore, the problem that this study seeks to address is to find out the extent to which the available consumer protection laws and activities would have effect on loyalty of consumers on different brands of goods in Nigeria. What is the extent to which government, the ... read more

odern marketing calls for more than developing a good product, pricing it attractively and making it accessible. Companies and individuals must also communicate with present and potential stakeholders, and the general public. For most companies and individuals, the question is not whether to communicate but rather what to say, how to say it, to whom and how often. But communication gets harder and harder as more and more companies clamour to grab the consumer’s increasingly divided attention. ... read more

he purpose of this research work is to thoroughly evaluate the strategies and tools that companies employ to ensure promotion of their goods and services an possibly, how that will commensurate with increased sales due to the use of the different tools. Inspite of the tight definition of sales promotion as an essential means of creating awareness of the product’s existence and characteristics and also the positive, psychological associations that can enhance the buyer satisfaction which add to... read more

he purpose of this research work is to thoroughly evaluate the strategies and tools that companies employ to ensure promotion of their goods and services and, possibly, find out how that will commensurate with increased sales due to the use of the different tools. Inspite of the tight definition of sales promotion as an essential means of creating awareness of the product’s existence and characteristics and also the positive, psychological associations that can enhance the buyer satisfaction w... read more

everal studies conducted in Nigeria and Diaspora has assessed the determinants of sales improvement in the context of performance. Studies done by Rondon (2007) and Bitton (2011) showed that the major variables focused on were environmental factors, size of the company, pricing policy, competition, firm’s marketing strategy, field salesperson characteristics, territory/location, and size of customers. Furthermore, studies carried out by Babalola and Babalola (2013); Njau and Karugu (2014) and ... read more

prising simple tables, percentages and simple regression in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS V.20.0) were used to analyze and treat the data collected. The results obtained from the study showed that: FaceBook, Twitter and YouTube had a significant effect on consumer buying behavior towards Jumia Nigeria, Calabar. Taking the findings of this study into consideration, the following recommendations were made: Jumia Nigeria should intensify its marketing campaigns on its FaceBo... read more

consumer buying behavior of Indomie Instant Noodles and Tummy Tummy Noodles in Calabar metropolis. Taking the findings of this study into consideration, the following recommendations were made: Indomie Instant Noodles and Tummy Tummy Noodles should use culturally and socially acceptable colours to design the package of their products in order to attract customer patronage; the companies should use creative aesthetics and graphical designs to decorate the package of their products in order to vis... read more