The 17th century philosophy, the enlightenment period, is significant for so many reasons. Not only did it witness the emergence of many vigorous thinkers, but it also shifted the attention of philosophy from the cosmos (ancient period) and God (medieval period) to the appreciation of man as both the terminus a quo and the terminus ad quem of all reality. In a splendid way, the philosophies of the German idealist, Hegel and the materialist, Feuerbach respectively contributed to the shaping of th... read more

The problem of the origin and harmonious organization of the state has been an age long problem for philosophers. They have varied opinions as regards the solution to this problem. The conventionalists and contractualists hold that the state originated out of convention or contract between individuals or groups. However, Aristotle a master in ancient philosophical thought, whose influence has always rocked the philosophical defense of his contemporaries and successors, has it that the ... read more

In making moral choices, the morality of one’s actions does not depend entirely on the sincerity of the intention or the evaluation of the motives, but it must be determined according to objective criteria drawn from the nature of the person and his acts. – Pope John Paul II to a medical-Moral Workshop, January 20, 1990.

Since inception of the current administration in Nigeria in 1999, a major political problem that has plagued the country and has become a socio-political problem is “Godfatherism.” Politics in Nigeria has become a business venture where everyone struggles to participate. To this, S. U. Togbolo opines, Politics in Nigeria has become an investment where the investors are set to make profit at all cost, as a result, political brutality is pervading the society.[1]

The history of political godfatherism is traceable to the colonial epoch through independence era, military interregnum and towards the restoration of democracy in Nigeria in what came to be known as the fourth Republic in 1999 following the terminus of military junta. The staggering posture of godfatherism in Nigerian democratic experiment leaves much to be desired. This stems from the fact that since the adumbration of this nascent democracy on the 29th May, 1999,

waste situation. The matter of solid waste and its management in Trans-Amadi Area of Port-Harcourt has catapulted itself into the limelight in the past decades Solid Waste Management (SWM) sector. This abysmal situation of solid waste is perpetuated by the fact that in some instances hazardous and non-hazardous wastes are still handled and disposed together without progressive proper segregation of wastes, thus creating a great health risk to municipal workers, the public, and the environment. D... read more

his study examined the housing quality perception of the resident of Umuguma. The data of this study were collected primarily through structured questionnaires while random sampling methods were used to arrive at the sample size of 140 units. The data were collected and analyzed while the presentations are on tables, charts, and percentages. The ANOVA (analysis of variance) was employed to test the hypothesis and the result shows that the calculated value (52.5) is greater than the tabulated val... read more

e concern of the researcher in this study is not really another criticism of the Act but an in-depth evaluation of how it has achieved its aim in the mass provision of housing to the people. However the hope of the Nigerian masses lies in the Act with the current wave of high cost of acquisition of land. It should be noted that one of the cogent reasons why the Act came into existence was because of the nature of trusteeship of land in the past. It was difficult for anyone to get access to land.... read more

5 Research questions In order to achieve the above stated objectives, the following questions were asked; 1. Is there a significant relationship between urban and regional planning and socio-economic development? 2. Does urban and regional planning impacts on the socio-economic development of Abuja city? 1.6 Research hypotheses : There is no significant relationship between urban and regional planning and socio-economic development. : There is significant relationship between urban ... read more

patial relates to space and position, size and shape of things in it; that is changes taking place within this period. Spatial variability occurs when a quantity that is measured at different spatial locations exhibits values that differ across the locations. The spatial variability of soil properties is poorly understood, despite its importance in designing appropriate experimental sampling strategies. As preparation for a farm-scale agro-ecosystem services monitoring project, the Cross River B... read more

he need to use fertilizers has come into better appreciation as farmers realize its importance in improving the low nutrient status of tropical soils. As population increases, most of the cultivatable lands are taken up for uses other than crop production. Despite advances in the technique of agricultural production, significant proportion of the current world population is undernourished, primarily the underdeveloped nations (John L. Halvin et al., 2014). It is reported that our soils cannot su... read more

oil: The upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles. Testing: In general, testing is finding out how well something works.The means by which the presence, quality, or genuineness of anything is determined; a means of trial. Awareness: Having knowledge that something exists, or understanding of a situation or subject at the present time based on information or experience.

.1% and 0% w/w) of crude oil and were designated P4, P3, P2, P1 and P0 respectively. Three seeds of beans per pot were planted. Growth parameters (plant height, stem girth, relative water content (RWC), and soluble protein content (SPC)) and antioxidant indices were determined in the beans over a period of nine weeks after planting (WAP). Results showed that growth of beans planted in contaminated soil was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of control. Beans planted in the contaminated soil ... read more

odify the soil physical properties. Organic manures are excellent sources of organic matter but relatively low in nutrients; therefore, to obtain optimum yields from continuous cropping, additional nutrients from N.P.K. fertilizers will be needed to compliment organic fertilizer. However, Akoroda (1990) reported that the use of organic manure and N.P.K. fertilizer supplies appreciable cash income to peasant farmers. Since the majority of farmers active in arable crop production in Nigeria are p... read more

Two field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of Moringa leaf extract on the growth, yield and yield components of snap bean. The results showed that Moringa leaf extract applied at 11, 20, 33 and 50% concentration to snap bean plants at 10 days after emergence significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll content, plant dry matter (shoot and root), yield components and fresh pod yield. The snap bean response to increasing Moringa extract concentration... read more

Toilet is also one of public facilities, which is frequently used by people and located indoor. In recent years, Scientist and public have put much concern about indoor air quality in toilet systems. Several studies have found out that indoor air pollution levels to be greater than outdoor levels (USEPA, 2001). Thus it is risky to health posed by indoor air pollution than those posed by outdoor air pollution. Therefore maintaining good air quality in toilet is essential in order to keep it hygie... read more

he term ‘Viscosity’ describes a material’s property from a physicists point of view, it is a fluids thickness. Scientifically speaking, It is the measure of a fluids internal flow resistance to being deformed. (Szekely, 1999). Some liquid flow more easily than others do, for example honey is very thick and flows very slowly. Water is very thin and flow very quickly with this it shows that one is more viscous than the other. (Battle et al., 1990). Viscosity can be defined as a term used ... read more

Wastes are everywhere. These substances are unpleasant to see and also bring harmful effects to our health and environment. Example of this waste is the manure of the animals like the cow. Cow dung causes a problem when these are just leave behind the sidewalks streets or in an open field. If these substances decomposed in places like these , though the manure are gone but the micro organisms they carried still remain. And we should not treat these organisms as small issues because these... read more

Heavy metals are any metals exposure to which is clinically undesirable and constitute a potential hazard. The presence of heavy metal in the aquatic environment is the major concern because of their toxicity of animal life, thus disturbing the natural ecological balance (Bhattachary et al., 2008). The occurrence of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystem in excess of natural. Load has becomes a wide spread problem and a matter concern individual life in an environment (Voegborlo et al, 1999). The sou... read more

All chemical pose a risk to the health and safety of persons in the workplace to some extent and for this reason there are some basic requirements in the work health and safety legislation. Hazardous substances have the potential to harm the health and safety of people at the workplace. Control of hazardous substance is of various ways due to the nature. (Hazardous Health Manuel, University of Uyo, 2000). Many chemicals have both health and physiochemical hazards. Manufacturers a... read more