CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Education has a pivotal role in nation as well as individual character building. It is a life line for any society and nation. Education of a child needs multidimensional efforts. Students, teachers, institute and parents all have their importance in their process of learning. More education must start with the family. The family, as an institution, has a lot of influence on the child's progress at school as well as his academic performance. The family also provides him with basic training and discipline when he goes to school and has a powerful influence on the child throughout his school life. According to reports, the family provides ideas assist students with homework and other curriculum-related activities, decisions, and planning. Families can get information on the skills required for students in all subjects, as well as homework policies and how to monitor and discuss schoolwork at home.
Importantly, Parents education is such a motivating force for a child which paves the way for his/her future. Since ancient times, the family has been a major source from which children copy ways of behavior.However, these days, the majority of schoolchildren spend little or no time with their parents. Working-class families are rushing to educate and train their children. What types of education or lessons could children learn from their parents if both parents leave for work in the morning and return home very late at night? There isn't time to go over what the kids did at school or work on their homework.Uche (1980)k summarizes it by stating that the parent level of education attainment is the foundation of all children's learning. This is due to the fact that children are guided by their parents' aspirations, which bring their desired standard or goals to this extent, one can say that teacher does his teaching but high or low academic achievement is actually the parent's socioeconomic background to their child. Furthermore, Smith, Fagan, and Vivund (2002) claimed that parental level of education position was a strong predictor of intellectual success at the age of eight years. Therefore it will not be out of context to opine that, Students' socioeconomic situation, as well as a variety of other characteristics linked to their home environment, such as their parents' educational backgrounds, health status, parental employment, and family size, may have an impact on their academic success.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Parental education is considered the most stable (permanent) aspect of socio-economic status. This is because a characteristic that may affect the value of parental involvement in students academic achievement is parental educational level. According to Jacqulynm, (2005).it is an admitted fact that the children of educated parents are more confident, resourceful and experienced than the children whose parents lack education. And Thompson et al (1988) says mother’s level of education influences adolescents educational outcomes expectancy beliefs. A study by (Campbell, et al., 1999) using NAEP data indicated that students who reported higher parental education levels tended to have higher average score. Karshen (2003) says that students whose parents are well educated get higher positions than those whose parents are not educated. Educated parents help their children in school work activities. Dave and Dave (1971) found that high achievers belong to homes with parents higher education level. The failed students belong to those who have lower parents education level.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The broad objective of this study is to examine the effect of parental educational attainment on pupils learning achievement in public primary schools using Calabar South Local Government Area in Cross River State. Specifically, this research set out to:
2. Examine whether parental educational attainment determines the level of academic support they offer their Children.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
2. Does parental educational attainment determine the level of academic support they offer their Children?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study boarders on the impact of parental level of education on student academics performance in primar school. The study further discuss if parental educational attainment determine the level of academic support they offer their Children, whether parental educational attainment gear up the interests of students towards academic performance and determine there is any significant difference in the academic performance of student raised by educated and uneducated parent. The study is however delimited to Calabar South Local Government Area in Cross River State
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Like in every human endeavour, the researchers encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. The significant constraint was the scanty literature on the subject owing that it is a new discourse thus the researcher incurred more financial expenses and much time was required in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size covering only public primary school in Calabar South Local Government Area in Cross River State. Thus findings of this study cannot be used for generalization for other primary schools in other states within Nigeria. Additionally, the researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work will impede maximum devotion to the research. Howbeit, despite the constraint encountered during the research, all factors were downplayed in other to give the best and make the research successful.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
EDUCATION: is the systematic training and instruction (especially of young) it can be in the school or at home.
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: This has to do with education, it is to pursue knowledge (especially studying in school and university).
PARENT: Direct father or mother
STUDENT: A person who is being taught especially a child in a school.
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