CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD TRAFFICKING  ON THE  EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT  OF PUPILS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria, the world's most populous black nation, is blessed with substantial human and natural resources such as oil, tin, limestone, zinc, natural gas, lush flora, and a temperature that ranges from equatorial in the south to tropical in the center to desert in the north according to the 2006 Census Tola (2008). Nigeria, the world's third largest producer of crude oil, has a 5.3 percent annual growth rate, yet 70 percent of Nigerians are thought to be poor (Tola, 2008). The aforementioned characteristics are the result of decades of military dictatorship, along with mismanagement and corruption, which have daily impoverished the people and turned them into "beggars" in the midst of plenty. The population's anti-social behavior has escalated as a result of this act of misrule. Unfortunately, the desire for material gain at any costs has injected a new dimension of wealth production into the Nigerian psyche—child trafficking (UNICEF, 2007).  After guns and narcotics trafficking, child trafficking is the world's third greatest illegal enterprise (UNICEF, 2007). Child trafficking has been much more common in the previous decade throughout the world, particularly in Nigeria.

Every year, millions of people, primarily youngsters, are duped or pushed into servitude by decot. "The recruitment, transportation, transfer, accommodate, or receipt of persons, by threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power, giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation," according to the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (2000).

Child trafficking is defined as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, accommodate, or receipt of children through the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power in a position of vulnerability, or the payment or receipt of benefits to obtain the consent of a person who has control over the child for the purpose of exploitation (ANPPCAN, 2010). Children are trafficked for domestic services, prostitution, and other types of exploitative labor, according to research UNICEF (2007). There has been a great deal of worry about the issue of child trafficking throughout Africa as a whole, and in Nigeria in particular.

Poverty, big family size, and growing urbanization are among the key factors that make many Nigerian children vulnerable to trafficking (UNICEF, 2007). Parents who have a big family are more vulnerable to human traffickers deceiving them into handing up some of their children to city residents or even strangers who promise them a better life. Child victims of human trafficking are denied the right to enjoy a wide variety of rights, including the right to belong and identify, the right to freedom, and the right to education, among others (ANPPCAN, 2010). As a result, the research into the causes, impacts, and solutions to child trafficking in Nigeria is worthwhile. The outcomes of this study are believed to give useful information on how to put an end to the act in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Children in Nigeria's rural communities frequently lack access to decent education, good health, and other basic requirements, causing their parents to commit them to other family members who are financially stable to assist them in training their children.

It is hard to ever achieve a consensus on the exact scope of the problem, but regardless of the numbers, the fact remains that human trafficking is a major problem that is only growing worse (ANPPCAN, 2010). What matters is that each statistic symbolizes the loss of a human life. It occurs on every continent and in practically every country: whether we live in a source, destination, or transit location for human trafficking, none of us can claim to be completely immune to its effects. A lack of awareness of the issue is one of the most significant roadblocks to anti-trafficking initiatives (UNICEF, 2007) . People smuggling, immigration and asylum, prostitution, and other types of organized crime are frequently interwoven with human trafficking and, as a result, the methods adopted to counteract it. The core of human trafficking, it must be remembered, is the forced exploitation of persons by those in positions of authority over them (ANPPCAN, 2010).

1.3  PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

 The purpose of the study is to:

i.          Examine the origins and progression of child trafficking in Nigeria.

ii.        Examine the consequences that contribute to child trafficking in Nigeria.

iii.      Examine the social, political, and economic consequences of child trafficking in Nigeria.

iv.      Propose remedies to Nigeria's child trafficking concerns.

1.4   RESEARCH QUESTIONS

i.          What is  the origins and progression of child trafficking in Nigeria?

ii.        What is the consequences that contribute to child trafficking in Nigeria?

iii.      What is the social, political, and economic consequences of child trafficking in Nigeria?

iv.      What are the remedies to Nigeria's child trafficking concerns be made available?

1.5   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research is essential because it will give crucial information on the causes, consequences, and solutions to child trafficking in Nigeria. It will also give more research in the fight against human trafficking in Nigeria. The study will also aid future researches into child trafficking both within and beyond the nation. As a result, recognizing the intricacy of the crime, which cannot be dealt in a vacuum, is an important step in preventing human trafficking and prosecuting traffickers(UNICEF, 2007). Every policy sector, from boosting female education to combating human trafficking, must include anti-trafficking tactics. Increasing police salaries in destination nations to make officers less susceptible to bribery in source countries so that girls are less exposed to trafficking (ANPPCAN, 2010). We must not allow ourselves to ignore human trafficking as a problem that can be solved with a few additional task forces or specialised units. Everyone has to understand how it influences them and what they can do to stop it. In this regard, commendable efforts should be undertaken. Without a doubt, the United Nations launched the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Persons Trafficking in 2000, which establishes a victim-centered approach to trafficking and has been signed by 177 nations, including Nigeria (UNICEF, 2007).

 The study will be restricted to the causes, effects of child trafficking in Nigeria. Solution to the problems of child trafficking will also be sought in the cause of this research.

1.6  SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The research will focus on the causes and consequences of child trafficking in Nigeria. The goal of this research is to find a solution to the problem of child trafficking.

1.7  LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study focuses on the sources, consequences, and cures of child trafficking in Nigeria, although it will be confined to Abeokuta Metropolis, specifically in Odeda Local Government, due to financial, time, and other constraints.

1.8   DEFINITION OF TERMS

Child  is defined as someone under the age of eighteen

Child trafficking is known as recruitment, transfer, harboring, or reception of a child for the purpose of exploitation.

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