Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in thedevelopment of national economy. Due to their importance and the crucial role they play in economic development and growth of the nation, much attention has been placed on financing of small and medium enterprises, since they are major contributors to the economy of Nigeria. These enterprises are drivers of the economy; therefore policyattention has to be given to them especially in developing economiesbecause of their impact on many se... read more

The productivity of an organization is jointly determined by the efficiency with which the organization utilizes several available factors of production which invariably are scarce relative to the demand for them. As it were therefore, one can conceive of an equilibrium condition in productivity terms within given and stated constraints in an organization. Like the price scenario, several factors operate to make it difficult to optimize the use of human and other resources in the organizations s... read more

The productivity of an organization is jointly determined by the efficiency with which the organization utilizes several available factors of production which invariably are scarce relative to the demand for them. As it were therefore, one can conceive of an equilibrium condition in productivity terms within given and stated constraints in an organization. Like the price scenario, several factors operate to make it difficult to optimize the use of human and other resources in the organizations s... read more

Traditionally, equity theory has been tested by monitoring the reaction of individuals to experimentally induced situations of inequity by intentionally under- or overpaying them (Landy & Conte, 2010; p. 375). It was expected that underpaid participants would lower the quality or quantity of their output, whereas people who were overpaid would raise the quality or quantity. In general, results supported the underpayment predictions, but not the overpayment ones, which may be due to the fact that... read more

Of recent, the harmonization and international convergence of accounting standards and practices are of interest to researchers in both developed and developing countries. For the past decade, members of the accounting profession have been anticipating the adoption of the IFRS (Securities and Exchange Commission, (2010) as cited in Winney, Marshall, Bender, Swiger, 2010) and this anticipation has prompted a lot of academic research on the subject of adoption of IFRS by different countries of the... read more

Cost control is all knows as cost management or cost containment, which is a broad set of “cost accounting” methods and management techniques with the common goal of efficiency and improving business cost at least restricting their rate of growth. Business uses cost control methods to monitor, evaluate, and ultimate enhance the efficiency of specific areas, such as department division of product line within their operation. During the 1990s cost control initiatives received paramount attenti... read more

Prominent researchers within human resource management and strategy wrote that “The workforce is the most expensive yet poorly managed assets in most organizations” (Becker & Beatty, 2009). Although to increase the effectiveness of a firm, several resources can be used to achieve this, which include money, men, and machine; of these resources the most important of them all is the people aspect of the organization. Nowadays, land, capital and fixed assets are no longer key resources for the o... read more

The level of crises in most of the organization Nigeria has increased overtime because the unit heads and other department can not really communicate effectively among themselves,information and communication technology play a vital role not in the crises management but also in other areas of our lives; there are some of these organisation in Nigeria especially the ones with high level of non educated staff always have crises and misunderstanding because lack of proper information management, th... read more

Corporate social responsibility is one vital aspect of any business. However, this is one area where grievous mistakes have been made. Companies need to understand the subject its concept, theories as well as the benefits there of. In today’s business environment, business organization are being expected to assume broader and more diverse responsibilities to the various groups within the society in Nigeria., various communities in which some major companies are operating have been demanding... read more

Although, there is general agreement among psychologists that man experiences a variety of needs, there is considerable disagreement as to what these needs are and their relative importance (Van Rooyen, J. 2006). One of the basic problems in any organization is how to motivate people to work. Motivating people to work entails, meeting their needs. This is because people working in the organization to meet workers needs affect the satisfaction, which the workers derive from their job. The ... read more

Following the uncertainties prevailing in the Ghanaian business environment today, managers and stakeholders must be poised and prepared to compete favourably under these rapidly shifting conditions. In order to survive under these environmental complexities and vagueness managers and stakeholders of both private and public sectors need sharp tools, proven management techniques to forecast the major changes which are likely to affect the business while they choose future direction and dimension ... read more

One of the most crucial operating decisions management must make is establishing a setting price for its products but this is quiet unfortunately that many firms are still mismanaging pricing causing lots of money and anticipated profit to be unexplored and wasted. However in explaining the importance of pricing, Egbunike (2007:83) sustained that setting the price for an organizations product or service is one of the most difficult, due to some number of variety of factors that must ... read more

Industrial relation has become formalized in the form of employment contract between the workers and the employers. The parties are seen as equal, who have invested their capital and aim at maximizing profit. The workers on the other hand contribute his services, which if not remunerated falls into abject poverty and dies. An industrial or labour management relation is a strategic aspect of human resources management and can be defined in several ways. Anugwom (20020 defines industrial ... read more

The importance of employing good evaluation in improving manpower development cannot be over emphasized. Manpower development according to Brach (2000), is educational and development activities conducted by an enterprises to improve the lives of their workers. The activities have definite relationship to employer’s productivity. Adequate manpower development in human capital formation is a process which enable organisation to acquire and increase their manpower stock, through the process of p... read more

The Nigerian petroleum industry has been described as the largest among all industries in the country. This is probably due to the belief that petroleum is one of the major sources of energy worldwide. The size, international characteristic, and role assumed by the petroleum industry were noted to have originated from the notion that petroleum is versatile as it currently satisfies a wide variety of energy and related needs. Petroleum is the most vital source of energy, providing over 50 percent... read more

A critical analysis of the business environment in Nigeria today shows that most of the companies in operation to survive, for instance companies like, Kingsway stores, UTC, Chanri, FAMAD (formally known as Baba) AG Leventis, just to mention few, that were the toast of the town in the 1980s have either folded up or are now merely a shadow of their former states. The rate of corporate failure in Nigeria has been very high and could even get worse if nothing drastic and urgent is done about it.... read more

"No well to do institute leaves the teaching of its business techniques to the traditional methods only, the method of watch-the master perform after he is done". In transmitting business techniques in modem times, the apprentice watches but he also listens to formal instructions, analyse cases, plays business games, carries out exercises and takes formal examination before going back to the institution to put in practice what he l1as learnt. The Interest in management education is evident in... read more

Trying to match limited global resources against an ever increasing world population appears to be the crux of the matter. The spill out from this seemingly intractable problem has been the world wide rural urban drift that has invariably led to overcrowded and heavily populated cities with basic infrastructures and other social amenities being stretched almost to breaking point. Rising un-employment, high cost of living, high crime rate and the ever-widening gap between the rich and the poor a... read more

All organizations are concerned with what should be done to achieve high level of productivity through staff motivation using the right kind of incentive. Most organizations in the past have been using financial incentives but their workers are still agitating for increment in salaries. Consequently the effect of non financial incentive becomes a burning issue in human resource management (Okoh, 2008). The issue of adequate motivation and consequently workers productivity is a product of a pe... read more

The place and value of manpower planning as a resource for organizational productivity and success cannot be overemphasized, we are concerned business resources, the organization of physical and financial resources cannot take place until manpower are organized, and the effectiveness of the organizational scheme depend on the manner in which manpower are utilized. Every thing on power is a sense, therefore we do not organize physical ad financial resources we organized people who in turn are res... read more