The growing globalization of business and increasing competition and technological advancement has led to an increasing need to change organizational polices and strategies (Hampel and Martinsons, 2009). The pace of challenges is increasing and thus organizational change is considered unavoidable (Drucker, 1999). Organizational change is the continuous process of aligning an organization with its market place and doing it more responsively and effectively than competitors. Thus, organizationa... read more

Corporate governance is concerned with ways in which all parties interested in the well-being of the firm (the stakeholders) attempt to ensure that managers and other insiders take measures or adopt mechanisms that safeguard the interests of the stakeholders. Such measures are necessitated by the separation of ownership from management, an increasingly vital feature of the modern firm. A typical firm is characterized by numerous owners having no management function, and managers with no equity i... read more

Conflict is inevitable in every society as well as organization. It occurs within groups individuals, organization, government and even among family members. Conflict between groups or organization. Potentially improves team dynamism (Mary Ann 2000). Conflict management skills is necessary for management of conflict in any organization. For any organization to be effective and efficient performing of its activities. Here is the need for mutual co-existence and understanding among members of the ... read more

One of the most crucial operating decisions management must make is establishing a setting price for its products but this is quiet unfortunately that many firms are still mismanaging pricing causing lots of money and anticipated profit to be unexplored and wasted. However in explaining the importance of pricing, Egbunike (2007:83) sustained that setting the price for an organizations product or service is one of the most difficult, due to some number of variety of factors that mus... read more

Job satisfaction is generally recognize in the organizational behavior field as the most vital and frequent studies attitude the concept of Job Satisfaction has been developed in many different ways by researchers and practitioners. One of the most widely used definitions in organizational research is that of Locke (1976) who define Job satisfaction as “a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s Job or job experience. It involves cognitive effective an... read more

The workplace of the 21st century is a fast-paced, dynamic, highly stimulating environment which brings a large number of benefits and opportunities to those who work within it. The ever-changing demands of the working world can increase levels of stress, especially for those who are consistently working under pressure such as bank workers, medical workers etc. Whilst pressure has its positive side in raising performance, if such pressure becomes excessive it can lead to stress which has negativ... read more

The workplace of the 21st century is a fast-paced, dynamic, highly stimulating environment which brings a large number of benefits and opportunities to those who work within it. The ever-changing demands of the working world can increase levels of stress, especially for those who are consistently working under pressure such as bank workers, medical workers etc. Whilst pressure has its positive side in raising performance, if such pressure becomes excessive it can lead to stress which has negativ... read more

In the early years before social media, there have been a number of traditional forms of advertising such as letter writing, mailing, posting, fax, telegram; just to name but a few. These forms hail back to the 1960s. However, today their effectiveness is on the decline. According to the site, traditional advertising is becoming quite expensive with fewer returns, the channels such as TV adverts, radio adverts, mail messaging and door to door marketing or PR are not viable and have been taken... read more

As a manager in a manufacturing company it is more necessary than ever to improve the overall productivity of the operation while such improvement requires an integrated effort involving all functional areas of the facility, specific actions are required within each functional area one of the functional areas in a manufacturing operation that is critical to the overall productivity of the company is material management. The material management involves purchasing supplier management, material ha... read more

The issue of motivation of employees is of great importance to both management and workers in the organization. In spite of its importance, not every one appreciated its importance. Perhaps the reason for this is because it is difficult to define and apply in organizations. Right from the beginning, management of organizations have been facing the problem of how to motivate workers to greater performance with a view of increasing productivity, more so, and job efficiency. Even up ti... read more

The National Electric Power Authority was established by the NEPA Act of 1972. The Act authorized the merger of the activities of the Niger Dam Authority and the Electricity Corporation of Nigeria. The operative object clause is among other things: “to develop and maintain an efficient, coordinated and economical system of electricity supply to all parts of the federation or as the Authority may direct, and for this purpose: · Generate or acquire supply of electricity, · ... read more

A modern forward-looking business does not keep its employees in the dark about vital decisions affecting them but it trusts them and involves them in decision making at all levels. “Command and control” is no longer an adequate model, a more open and collaborative framework will exploit the talents of all employees (Hewitt, 2002). Employees must be involved if they are to understand the need for creativity and if they are to be committed to changing their behaviour at work, in new and im... read more

In corporate organizations and companies nowadays, working conditions and compensations have been large, especially since World War II. The statement that working conditions and employee’s compensation is the live wire of an organization is not an overstatement. Frederick Herzberg (1987), classified working conditions and compensation under “hygiene” factors. He further stressed that when these factors exist in the environment of work, both in quantity and quality, the workers will expe... read more

Job dissatisfaction among workers has been a bone of contention and most researched variable among management and human resource researchers (Dhammika, Ahmad, & Sam, 2001). The world is a global village, job seekers expect to be engaged in an organization that provide adequate work environment, free of environmental hazards, well ventilated, and secured thereby leading to job satisfaction. Essentially, researchers in the fields of organizational behaviour and management opined that the conceptua... read more

Nigeria like most other developing countries has had her fair share of the problems of training. One of the areas in which problem have been posed comes as the main focus of this work. ‘The manpower sector’ simply defined manpower is the basic resource of any productive process. It combines all other factors of production to produce goods and serves which are beneficial to mankind. Nwachukwu (1982 : 14) recounted Kuznet’s assertion that “The major capital stock of any industrially ... read more

Over the years, it has been observed that the financial performance of any business can be assessed using the concept of liquidity. Liquidity is a major concept that has been a source of worry to the management of firms about the uncertainty of the future. Talking about the liquidity of an asset, it means how quickly it can be transformed into cash. It is the ability of the company to convert its assets into cash. When referring to a company’s liquidity one usually means its ability to meet... read more

Each person like every business requires some measures of both financial position and financial performance in assessing his financial conditions. The financial position depicts one’s wealth at ascertain point in time while one’s financial performance describes once. Financial statements according to Illoumezie (2006:33) are like compasses “which navigators use to locate their bearing and find direction”. People use them to gauge their financial positions at various points in their li... read more

In recent years, particularly since the adoption of the economic reform programme in Nigeria in 1986, there has been a decisive switch of emphasis from the grandiose, capital intensive, large scale industrial project based on the philosophy of import substitution to small scale industries with immense potentials for developing domestic linkages for rapid, sustainable industrial development. Apart from their potential for ensuring a self reliant industrialization, in terms of ability to rely larg... read more

The quality of life in our society depends to a large extent on the quality of decisions both financial and otherwise, taken by business firms operating within the economy. In Nigeria at the present stage of development the role of small-scale business enterprise is of vital importance. Having attained political independence, Nigeria leaders become consciously aware that political independence without economic independence has no useful meaning as far as the people’s economy and self relian... read more

Performance Management is a strategic approach to management, which equips leaders, managers, employees and stakeholders at different levels with a set of tools and techniques to regularly plan, continuously monitor, periodically measure and review performance of the organization in terms of indicators and targets for efficiency, effectiveness and impact. This system ensures that all the leaders, managers and individuals in the organization are held accountable for their actions which should bri... read more