For any economy to remain afloat in its bid for survival in today’s globalization, deregulation and liberalization of markets, it needs to have an efficient business financial to direct the allocation of its resources, capital markets and institutions, of which the developmentis an integral part of paramount importance in a dynamic economy as Nigeria. Capital market is a market for securities (Equity or debt), where business enterprises and government can raise long-term funds. It is also d... read more

The manager is the life of the organization. The manager ensure that the organizationperform to expectation, he must also ensure that the firm archive it purpose and goals, to dothis the manager perform certain roles and duties ,this include organizing controlling,directing coordinating and leading. The manager may be the entrepreneur, sometimes hemay not be, however, at all-times the manager must aggregate the resources of the firm toattain the firm’s goals and objectives of the firm. The ... read more

The need for training and development in an organization is of paramount importat'1.ce since training and development are at the heart of employee utilization, productivity, commitment, motivation and growth. Employee - development and training is part of the personnel manager's functions. The major reason for training and training in skills is to bring the competencies of individuals up to desired standards for present or potential assignments. Most organization or firms are 'having tra... read more

Business from the economist point of any human endeavor that is profit oriented. The importance of this definition is that any activity that has not profit malice in view is not a business. However, activity as us in context can be reeled to any enter price or business that is profit oriented and in fact, they range right from buying and selling, small scale industry in mini agro allied industry and husbandry agencies, construction works and craftsmanship etc.

The impact of Small Scale Enterprises to the developmentcannot be neglected in everyeconomy,moreespeciallydevelopingnationswhere sustainable economicdevelopment ishighlydesirable small business enterprises have such a crucial impact toplay in the development of an economy in such a way that theycannot be ignore. According to Osuagwu (2001) small business enterprisesinvolves the use of human and non-human resources towards theachievement of set goals and objectives.Smallbusinessenterprises sho... read more

Interest in the role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the development process continues to be in the forefront of policy debates in developing countries. The advantages claimed for SMEs are varies, this include: the encouragement of entrepreneurship; the greater likelihood that SMEs will utilize labour intensive technologies and thus have an immediate impact on employment generation; they can usually be established rapidly and put into operation to produce quick returns. SME devel... read more

Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) is a burgeoning horizon in the local and global arena. The dire need and understanding of its revolutionary effects on any economy is rife. This have made it remain very prominent in the industrial growth of the sub-sector have been intensified. This is evident in the various attempts to inspire developing countries to accentuate and actively participate in small and medium scale enterprises. Nigeria is a country of more than 130 million peopl... read more

All over the world, Nigeria inclusive, export promotion policies as an outward oriented development strategy have been areas of interests to both policy -makers and economists. Nigeria attained independence in 1960, export promotion of primary and secondary exports has been considered as a major ingredient in the long - run development programme of economy. At independence, the Nigeria economy was essentially ma primary product exporter based on a two- pillar product, agricultural and mineral... read more

Small scale enterprises are catalyst in the socio-economic development of any country. They are a veritable vehicle for the achievement of national macroeconomic objective in terms of employment generation at low investment cost, the catalytic roles of SSEs have been amply indigenous technology. The catalytic roles of SSEs have been amply displayed in many countries such as Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, India etc. SSEs contribution substantially to the Gross Domestic products (DGP), export earni... read more

We live in the most astounding time when it comes to marketing resources and potential. Not too long ago, a small business had very limited reach and it sometimes took years before their marketing reach is able to go beyond their local community. However, in today’s environment, all that is fast changing. A small business can be launched today and literally reach around the world with their product or service same day...a marketing miracle courtesy of the internet. The internet is all about... read more

Nigerian workers like their counterparts in other developing countries have witnessed fundamental changes in their condition over time. To a large extent, trade unions have played significant role in this transformation. In most developing countries, government is the largest employer of labour with private individuals employing a minimal proportion of the working class (Fajana, 2000). In Nigeria, trade unions have become important agent of socio-economic transformation and class struggle (Ar... read more

Training and Development as a tool for enhancing employees' performance, was undertaken to find out if the Training and Development has a positive effect on the performance of employees. Many employees have failed in their organization because their needs for training and development were not identified and provided for as a dispensable part of the management function. The aim of this study is to ascertain if training and development is really serving as a tool for enhancing employees' job perfo... read more

After the advent of industrial revolution, machines were introduced into the production system to boost the production of goods and services and this brought about large number of goods available for sales. In this regard, consumers were exposed to variety of products and were required to select the product which will give them the optimum satisfaction they desired according to their needs. Companies on the other hand were interested in boosting their image, achieving high sales, maximizing p... read more

Logistics management involves the movement of both raw materials and finished goods from the point of production to the purchase. The raw materials and finish goods are both kept in the warehouse before being used in manufacturing or sold to the customer. If it is well managed, distribution cost will be minimized not necessarily at the expense of customer service level and consumer utility increased. Alexander and Franco (1969) define Logistics management as "fraction cost savings, increased com... read more

The world today is shaped by the advancement in the field of information and communication technology (ICT). The relevance of ICT to the development of corporate organization and the entire would can not be over emphasized. For instance, Nigeria has come to realize the fact that no modern economy can be sustained without integral ICT and has adopted the technology towards the growth of its economy. The introduction of new technologies has led to higher level of production, improved communicat... read more

Entrepreneurship has to do with the conceptual approach of doing new things within a new philosophy of value, of purpose, of utility and of quality and use, which satisfies needs. It is the practice of starting new organizations, particularly new businesses generally in response to identified opportunities. It also involves the recognition of opportunities (needs, wants, problems and challenges) and the use of resources to implement innovative ideas. Entrepreneurship is often a difficult unde... read more

The practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is much debated and criticized. Proponents argue that there is a strong business case for corporate social responsibility in that corporations benefit in multiple ways by operating with a perspective broader and longer than their own immediate short term profit. The Nigerian business environment has not really had a strong support for CSR. The massive rate of improper waste disposal, land degradation, poverty, pollution, lack of basic... read more

Cadbury Nigeria Plc was incorporated in 1965, the company had only brand to its name: Pronto and Bournvita, but those were doing well indeed, infact the decision to incorporated a local Company by Cadbury Fry export, as the oversea company was then called, was informed partly by excellent result obtained from importing both products for sales within Nigeria. Earlier in 1959, the company had begun to hold stocks locally and by 1963 sales had reached a level where the local packaging of bu... read more

Communication is needed to reach markets at a reasonable cost. Advertising is just one of the tools for reaching markets. It may be too costly and time consuming to try to do marketing job with salesmen alone; in such situations, advertising may be preferred. Advertising consists of all the activities involved in presenting to a group a non-personal, oral or visual, openly sponsored message regarding a product, service or idea. This message, called an advertisement, is disseminated throu... read more

One of the fundamental objectives of a responsible government is to ensure optimum standard of living. The post independence government adopted import substitution; large-scale industries by investing on large capital project which is predicated on the notion that "big is better" while "small is bad". Small and medium enterprises were considered as outmoded and synonymous with technological backwardness. (Nnanna 2001). Even the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) introduced to restructure and ... read more