The impact and effectof market segmentation with the view of globalization throughout the world be it developing or developed economy, the supremacy being accordthe free market system cannot be over emphasized, that is achieving economic efficiency which ultimately leads to economic growth is free competitive market system otherwise refer to as the capitalist system. Market segmentation is one of the steps into defining and target specific market. It is the process of dividing a market ... read more

The 20th Century has witnessed a lot of advances both in since and in technology. This technological advancement has been moving at break-net speed since the end of the Second World War, in manufacturing, aviation, medicine, research, engineering, finance, transportation, utilities etc. These advances have permeated and affected adversely all aspect of life., Information technology has been modified and even replaced our traditional method of communication. There are other technological transfor... read more

Computer has become a very powerful tool in the business world today because of its ability to store, process and disseminate large amount of information accurately, efficiently and effectively for quick decision. According to Ani (200:5A), computer can be defined as an electronic tool capable of accepting data, interpreting data, performing ordered operation on data and reporting on the outcome of these operation. It is therefore a tool managers can use to assist them in the complicated and ti... read more

As life is becoming more dynamic, more complex in educational, socio-cultural, industrial and commercial developments due to the increasing technological advancements, the secretarial profession is not left out and the jobs of secretaries appear and at first sight among those threatened. This is because of new machines, which are threatening to take-over the jobs performed by thee categories of workers thereby making them face job hard of redundancy, retrenchments which will lead to mass unemplo... read more

The word secretary is derived from the Latin word “secretus” which literally means “keeper of secrets’. As far back as 1887, Lord Eshere word who defined a secretary as “ a mere servant” his position is that he has to do what he is told and no person can assume he has any authority to represent anything at all. Thus the above definition was however made when the values of secretarial profession has yet been recognized. At this time, secretarial functions were limited to only typing w... read more

According to Ohakwe (2011). The term secretary is derived from the Latin word Secenere meaning ’’to distinguish or to set apart. A Secretary handles the confidential information of any organization. A Secretary provides the administrative support to senior level professional commonly called ’’Executive Assistant’’ This individual performs a variety of clerical operations and sometimes personal task aimed at ensuring that organization runs in an efficient and organized manner . In a... read more

Communication is indispensable in all sphere of human and business endeavours. It is the life wire and the key to success of all business organizations. Communication involves everybody, it is the pivot upon which the existence of human and business organizations revolves, and based on this, the issue of communication has developed into a major area of study and formidable social force. Eyre (1983), stated that “communication is not just the giving information, it is the giving of understand... read more

In this par of the world a careful observer would agree that it is not uncommon new that that which we refer to as good physical conditions in our working environment has always been mistaken which ought to be in our working place. To this effect one need not to wonder why entrepreneur and institutions, management has always failed in their duties to proving these basic needs to their workers. The functions of personnel management, extend to recruitment and training of workers, which the sec... read more

Technological advancement has ushered in drastic changes in record keeping through the introduction of new office technologies and new methods of communication. Man is an embodiment of charge, his life circle is marked with different stags of metamorphosis which when it finally actualizes, adulthood is made. Secretarial profession, an inseparable bed fellow of management no exception. The secretary has been defined as one entrusted with secrets or confidences of a superior, or employed to handl... read more

Emenite Limited, a member of the Belgian Etex Group started operation in 1963 under the name ‘Turners Asbertos Cement Company Nigeria Limited’. The company was incorporated in 1961 with registration number Rc 2712 and the shareholding were as follows: Turners and Newall Limited - 80% Government of Eastern Nigeria - 20% Due to indigenization decree of 1973, the shareholding of the company changed as follows: Turners and Newall Limited - 60% Government of Eastern Nigeria - 40% With the n... read more

Marketing managers often commission formal marketing studies of specific problems and opportunities. They may request a market survey, a product preference test, a sales forecast by region, or an advertising evaluation. It is the job of the marketing researcher to produce insight into the customer’s attitudes and buying behaviour. Kotler and Keller(2006) Marketing research department play crucial roles within the organization especially when it comes to gathering and dissemination of vital ... read more

The concept of marketing orientation was developed in the 1960s and early 1970s at HavardUniversity and at a handful of forward thinking companies. It replaced the previous sales orientation that was prevalent between themid 1950s and the early 1970s, and the production orientation that predominated prior to the mid 1950 since the concept was first introduced in the late 1960s. It has been modified, repackaged and renamed as “customer focus , the marketing philosophy” “a market driven”,... read more

A study of the evolution of packaging is inextricably linked to the evolution of consumption habits in particular, and of society as a whole (Zeithaml, V. 1988). In the rural society which prevailed until the industrial revolution of the 19th century, packaging was as rudimentary as the living conditions of the time. Packaging was often standardised and could be used for a number of different purposes: transporting food, wood or tools. We are talking more about receptacles than about packaging, ... read more

In order for an organization to thrive succeed in its environment of operation and achieve its set objectives and goals, there exist fundamental environmental forces that influence management decision making (formulation and implementation of policy) process. Organization must adapt to these environmental forces as they plan and carryout their strategies and activities. The success of the organization or its failure is determined largely by how well it recognizes and adjusts to planning. O... read more

In the present day Nigerian economy, small-scale businesses are predominant. The importance can only be fully appreciated when one realizes the dominant role it plays in our economic development. Small scales industries are active in all sectors of economy. However, their influence is mostly experienced in distributive trade, transportation and loca1manufacturing. Their major functions are mostly mobilizing capital for investment, providing goods and services for the society at large.Creating em... read more

Marketing as defined by the chartered institute of marketing United Kingdom is the management process for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably. Marketing focuses on customers needs, identifies this needs through marketing research and goes ahead to produce goods and services that satisfies the needs of the consumers more effectively and efficiently than that of the competitors. Marketing research according to Kottler (2006), can be defined as the systemati... read more

Most often marketing is associated with efforts of business firms selling their goods and services however, also many people think thatmarketing means selling or advertisement. These two are part of marketing. Marketing occurs anytime a person or organization strives to exchange something of value with another person or organization. The essence of marketing is translation or exchange broadly, marketing consists of activities designed to generate and facilitate exchange intended to satisfy hu... read more

Over the last decade, our world has changed dramatically due to the growing phenomenon of globalization and revolution in information technology. There is tremendous demand on companies to lower costs, enlarge product assortment, improve product quality, and provide reliable delivery dates through effective and efficient coordination of production and distribution activities. To achieve these conflicting goals, companies must constantly re-engineer or change their business practices and employ i... read more

Demographics and product attributes are the mostly widely used variables for segmenting the market, with demographic categories used to match segments with media profiles, mainly because most media described their audiences by demographics. Although recent research has identified new bases for segmentation, including lifestyles, benefits, etc., profiling of target audiences by the media has changed very little. Media reach and pricing continue to be based on the demographic characteristics of th... read more

Thus, it is a common saying “failure to plan is planning to fail”. There is nothing on earth that does not need appropriate planning. If such thing determined goal must be achieved. Appropriate planning is one of the most important aspects of a product life cycle. As it is proper for somebody who intends to build a house, to draw a plan of the house whether such building will be a two bedroom flat or bungalow or a multirooms type. He has to decide within himself and also make a rough sketch ... read more