Due to the fact that English language is the official language of Nigeria, and Nigerian is a multilingual country, English language continues to grow popular every day. The Nigerian R&B with its high level of spread lately has contributed a great deal in influencing English usage. This research work has aimed to enlighten people on how Nigerian R&B music penetrates and affect their usage of English language. This research work has examined the various ways in which the Nigerian R&B music affects... read more

The National Identity Card Processing and Administration system is the only through way a state and a nation’s population figure can be ascertain. To be accepted in a given locating or geographical area, it is necessary to bear a mark. Mark here does not really mean facial mark rather an identity. This identity card bear your name, states, every single information about you as an individual or person. This therefore boils down to what we know as National Identity Card. The Question... read more

Many a times the success or failures of any business organization determined by the managers, leadership styles. The productivity of any organization can be enhanced by the leadership styles of the managers. The productivity of the secretary who is an integral part of the entire organization system is also affected by her/his managers leadership style to the extent she is affected because she or her work directly with the manager. A leader can be seen as one occupies the highest position in an ... read more

Government owned parastatals are those created in order to carry out special tasks for the welfare of its citizens. These types of tasks cannot be carried out by private individuals or people due to the nature of the financial involvement and the effectiveness of its services. They are nonprofit oriented, since their aim is not to maximize profit, it is sub-divided into two viz:- federal and state owned parastatals. Federal owned parastatals. Federal owned parastatals are those owned by the fede... read more

Office is the management seat of any organization. It is manned by personnel of varying nature. Included in the list of office personnel are secretaries who carry out important secretarial service in our offices. The national Association International (1978) defined as secretary as “an assistance to an executive, possessing mastery of office skills and ability to assume responsibility without direct supervision, one who displays and makes decisions within the scope of her authority”. For a... read more

A secretary is an indispensable asset to any organization or institution. No tertiary institution whether government or private can in any way thrive in isolation of secretarial duties. The duties of a secretary in any tertiary institution is an inescapable practice or function. They play major role in both private and government tertiary institutions. Private and government tertiary institutions are found in Enugu metropolis Enugu occupied an enviable political and economic position in the hist... read more

This is an overview of the project topic. It gives the history of the circumstances surrounding the topic The internet has mad changes in almost all aspect of our lives as it plays important role in most of what we discuss today about access to distribution and retrieval of information. According to Cachage “Internet explorer” (2001) he declared that Internet explorers have high expectation of internet services which range from a simple desire to find something interesting (for no particula... read more

Secretarial studies, simply put, is education for secretaryship which includes the training necessary to develop secretarial skills. These skills include human relation skills e.g. writing and translating shorthand with typewriter, knowing how to operate typewriter both manual and electric and finally being a computer literate. All these sub-skills prepare one for the secretarial functions for which a good secretary must possess. Secretarial studies is also part of the business education which m... read more

Shorthand is a very old course of study. Isaac Pitman spent more than fifty (50) years studying and improving on shorthand system. Other scholars and expert writers made their own contributions to improve shorthand. To many people throughout the world, shorthand system serves as a means of livelihood. It is used during meetings in the courts of Justice and other offices where fast recording is required.

Deviant can be said to be all types of behaviour or acts which are inconsistent with the rules and regulations of an organizational set up. Organization as defined by Ejiogu (1990) is a social unit that pursues specific goal which they are structured to serve. Typical organization includes prisons, schools, churches and universities. In each organization members interact with one another to achieve the desired goal. This type of inconsistent behaviour can be seen in the homes, societies, establ... read more

Secretary refers to a person who performs routines, administrative, or personal tasks for a superior. Those in secretary occupation perform duties such as typing, computer processing, and scheduling for an executive. Secretaries are often hardworking, important members of a business. Its administrative workings better than anyone else. Since the renaissance until the late 19th Century, men had assumed the title of secretary in the 1880, with the invention of the typewriters, more women began to ... read more

Secretaries play important roles in the implementation of the office work. The nature of their jobs is universally acknowledged as indispensable in caring out their duties effectively in the offices. Despite the indispensable nature of the secretary’s functions, the secretary continues to be seen as an executive assistant. This is more so when many writers have defined secretary in different ways and from their various definitions we will see that secretaries have so much functions to perform,... read more

Generally, the office no doubt makes an important contribution to economic and social life of any nation or society. Hence any complex industrial society would rapidly come to a stand still if the office is not there. This an efficient organization must provide its management with efficient and sufficient information, planning control and financial services. It is limit to expenditure on administrative services. If every one were engaged in office work there would be imbalances between product... read more

In the business and professional fields the secretary is the essential link in the diversified daily activities. Contributions are many sided and range from handling routine procedures to implementing management. A secretary is in any sense an asset secretarial duties involved in addition to typewriting and shorthand making and answering incoming and outgoing marls covering meeting and conference and filing. Reception work is also one of the most important functions performed by secretaries is i... read more

Shorthand, sometimes called stenography, is a system of writing by sound; that is phonography. The New Age Encyclopaedia (1977:455) defined shorthand as “an abbreviated system of writing that utilizes symbols or short alphabetic combinations to facilitate rapid recording of the spoken word”. It is thus the system of using signs and symbols to represent sounds. This has succeeded in promoting fast writing, labour saving and time-saving phenomena. As the adage says “time is business”. Shor... read more

Human Relations refers to a management tool that is concerned with the integration of people into a work face. It is the study and application of knowledge about human in an industry as it relates to other systems. Human relations come about at the early stages of industrial Revolution on the 18th century when land, labor, capital and entrepreneur were the focus of industries as a means of serving community interest. The objectives and goals of industries/organizations later transformed to rela... read more

Prior to the emergence of industrial revolution, man’s choice of occupation was influential by such forces as heredity, culture and traditions. Then little consideration was giving to such factors as aptitude, interest and ability. Today, things have changed. One needs to choose an occupation, which will enable him to move forward for full development. This development was followed by the recognition of mechanical skill as being important role in business offices. Business executives and profe... read more

The word management has been defined, as getting things done through people. It is a process of setting objectives, organizing resources to attain these predetermined goals, and then evaluating the results for purpose of determining future actions. Hodgetts, (1990) said that management has for thousands of years been a key to success to individuals and civilizations alike. Labour is one of the factors of production and consists of all human energy expended in the production and distribution of... read more

Every business organization need efficient management and administration and therefore requires the services of secretary Segun (1989). A secretary is one who besides possession of typewriting and shorthand skills is knowledgeable in management and organizational techniques. The secretary relies on her sill in dealing with people. Such skills are tact, discretion, courtesy, common sense, pleasant speaking ability and having a good memory, to mention but a few. It is a well know fact that every ... read more

Every profession faces a number of problems. Some of these problems are inherent in the profession while others arise as a result of the workers attitude. The secretarial profession is not an exception to these problems. This study has been designed to look into the problems encountered by married female secretaries. According to the National Secretaries Association of United States of America, a secretary is an assistant to executive, possessing mastery of office skills and ability to assume r... read more