The contribution of apprenticeship to jobs and skills has long been appreciated by countries eager to promote growth and ease the transition from full-time education to work for young people. Both France and England have around 5 per cent of 16-24 year olds in apprenticeship and have made strenuous efforts to expand numbers (Cilpepper & Thelen, 2008). Currently, however, places offered by employers are not sufficient to meet the huge demand from young people or to have much impact on youth unemp... read more

The history of cement production in Nigeria can be traced back to 1957. From the onset, about three cement plants were commissioned by the Northern, Eastern and Mid-Western regional governments. Later, other companies such as Ashaka Cement, Benue Cement Company (BCC), West African Portland Cement Company (WAPCO) and Cement Company of Northern Nigeria (CCNN) and a host of others were established. But today, there are many cement manufacturing companies/plants in Nigeria with plants located across... read more

Pinchot (1984) defined intrapreneurs as "dreamers who do. Those who take hands-on responsibility for creating innovation of any kind, within a business". In 1992, The American Heritage Dictionary acknowledged the popular use of a new word, intrapreneur, to mean "A person within a large corporation who takes direct responsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation". The researcher is of the opinion that such risk taking and innovati... read more

Total quality management practice is a firm-wide management philosophy of continuously improving the quality of the products/services/processes by focusing on the customers’ needs and expectations to enhance customer retention, satisfaction and firm performance. There are mixed results about the relationship between total quality management practices and customer retention, satisfaction and performance. However, this study will examine the impact of total quality management practices on custom... read more

E-commerce is more than just electronics and commerce added together. It represents an entirely new way of doing business over a medium that changes the very rules of doing business. It is therefore, far more about strategy and business management than it is about technology (ILO, 1999). E-commerce and the internet, if correctly utilized for development, can be instruments for ensuring future sustainable economic growth through the promotion of retail businesses in Nigeria. Throughout the world,... read more

The independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) origin can be traced back to the period before independence when the Electoral commission of Nigeria was established to conduct the 1959 elections. The Federal Electoral Commission (FEC), established in 1960 conducted the immediate post-independence federal and regional elections of 1964 and 1965. The electoral body was dissolved after the military coup of 1966. In 1978, the federal electoral commission was constituted by the regime of General... read more

The theory, the management of people is not different from the management of other success of organizations. In practice, what makes it different is the nature of the resources, people. One set of perspective views the human being as potentially a creative and complex resource whose behavior is influenced by many diverse factors originating from either the individual or the surrounding environment. Organizational behavior theorists, for example, suggest that the behaviouar and performance of th... read more

Nigeria economy far back before the advent of oil exploration in the early 70’s was an agrarian economy. Nigeria was not considered a rich country at the time, but the nation was able to fed itself adequately and the economy was very buoyant. At this time, 85% of the country’s export earning was from agricultural product. During this period also, Nigeria has been making concerted effort toward the economic development of the sovereign nation. Most enterprises propelling the activities of th... read more

Enterprise states the committee true and reward for primate enterprise and self equipment it is an economy that appreciates creativity, initiative and hard work. Our country Nigeria is one of such economy. Therefore, people are now self determined to their way of life somebody seems to be thinking of what he or she will be doing with his hand or brains, since it is understood that t he government cannot provide gainful employment for all the citizens. Ever since 1960, the country... read more

Robert H. Heywood, Bruce and Graham 1997, started that capital is the money used by expensive piece of heavy equipment such as bulldozer a sawmill or a tractor-trailer. According to Abner 1990, capital is the most important of all the factors of production. He noted that the more a country uses her capital, the higher the rate of industrialization and therefore, the rate of development, to him, the reason for this is because the developing countries have less of capital that they ... read more

Over some years ago, psychologists, managers and students of management have given increased concern to the need for human motivation at the work place. They found this concept useful to both explaining human behaviour, particularly in work situations to increase the productivity of workers. The purpose of motivation is to increase one’s performance and to attain a standard of excellence in any endeavour. Managers in all types of organization are continually faced with the problem of... read more

The organization development is a vital exercise that must be carried out with a successful conclusion if technological bondage is to be avoided in the nation. In our society today there is need for adopting a creative approach for our technological take off. The reason is to encouraged employees to cultivate the ability of making maximum use of resource available to them, develop new ways of resources utilization that may come in the course of their job. Since Nigeria independence,... read more

The effect of manpower development on employee’s productivity and organization performance has attracted considerable interest in analytical and empirical literature. On the whole, human resources management theory has paid considerable attention to this subject matter (Dhamodharan 2010). Manpower development is very vital to job productivity and organization performance since the formal educational system does not adequately provide specific job skills for a position in a particular orga... read more

Total Quality Management (TQM) is considered an important driving force because it has captured the attention of all sides of commerce and industry, as well as that of politicians and academics (Yavas & Shemwell, 2001). Quality improvement has become one of the most important organizational strategies for achieving competitive advantage. Improving the quality with which an organization can deliver its products and services is critical for competing in an expanding global market. Barney, (1991... read more

Today, there appears to be a widespread dissatisfaction in the teaching profession as a whole and most especially in higher institutions of learning. This phenomenon has triggered concerns of various parties, which have often resulted to industrial action among academic professionals hence researchers have assiduously conducted researches to gain a better understanding of the issues related to this. A range of findings derived from quantitative as well as qualitative studies have been reported i... read more

Prior to the 1970s, the view that large firms were the cornerstone of a modern economy dominated the literature (Nnanna, 2003). The theory of economies of scale, which is predicated on the advantages of large scale operations prevailed. Thus, entrepreneurial business was seen as belonging to the past; out-moded, and a sign of technological backwardness. More recently, however, this view has shifted due to the important role played by relatively small entrepreneurial business firms in promoting i... read more

Investing in human resources through training and management development improves individual employee capabilities and organizational performance. Training of workers is a very essential tool for human resource development, but this can only become relevant after a workers’ training need assessment has been conducted. Training needs assessment is define as an ongoing process of gathering data to determine what training needs exist so that training can be developed to help the organization acco... read more

Cross River State public enterprises are generally corporate entities other than ministerial departments they derive their existence from special statutory instruments and engage in special business type of activities to provide goods and services for the overall social economic upliftment of the citizen these include corporation, authorities, boards and enterprise so owned and operated (Jerome 1999). The non-performance of the public enterprise has prompted series of discussion and po... read more

The Nigerian economy since the attainment of political independence in 1960 has undergone fundamental structural changes resulting to structural shifts which have however not resulted in any significant sustainable economic growth and development to ensure adequate employment opportunity for her youths. According acknowledged Akpabio, (2005:332) and Gobeli, (1995:122). Over time, the roles of the youth in national development have been. As they continue to play pervasive roles in nation building... read more

The concept of workers recruitment is the same in all firms. This is because organizations cannot operate without employees who would put other resources into useful outputs. Although the idea of recruitment differs in different firms, unlike small organization or firms. Other methods and strategies would be adopted since in some place due to the nature of the business, very few numbers of staff would be needed based on their available resources. It is obvious that firms recruits new e... read more