A budget is a financial and a quantitative statement prepared prior to a defined period of time of the policy to be pursued for the purpose of attaining a given objective. Also according to A.U. Nweze (2004) in his profit planning. Budget is a plan quantified in monetary terms, prepared and approved prior to a defined period of time, usually showing planned income to be generated and or expenditure to be incurred during that period and the capital to be employed to attain a given objective. F... read more

The two primary objectives of every business are profitability and solvency. Profitability is the ability of a business to make profit, while solvency is the ability of a business to pay debts as they come due. (Hermanson et al, 1992: 824). However, the achievement of these objectives requires efficient management of resources of the business through planning, budgeting, forecasting, control, and decision – making. Also, the strengths and weakness of the business need to be identified and ... read more

Following the uncertainties prevailing in the Ghanaian business environment today, managers and stakeholders must be poised and prepared to compete favourably under these rapidly shifting conditions. In order to survive under these environmental complexities and vagueness managers and stakeholders of both private and public sectors need sharp tools, proven management techniques to forecast the major changes which are likely to affect the business while they choose future direction and dimension ... read more

Maintaining healthy employee relations in an organization is a pre-requisite for organizational success. Strong employee relations are required for high productivity and human satisfaction. Employee relations generally deal with avoiding and resolving issues concerning individuals which might arise out of or influence the work scenario. Strong employee relation depends upon healthy and safe work environment, cent percent involvement and commitment of all employees, incentives for employee motiva... read more

The desire to build a civilized country with a strong and sound economy is the desire of every Country, including Nigeria. Tax payment is the demonstration of such a desire, although some income earners see it as a means of exploitation by the government. Tax payment is a voluntarily contribution imposed by the Government on personal income earners, companies, investors, exporters, importers etc. revenue realized from taxation is a major source of revenue to the Government of Nigeria, and as suc... read more

Today, work-life balance has become an increasingly pervasive concern to both employers and employees of most organisations. Work-life balance which primarily deals with an employee’s ability to properly prioritize between work and his or her lifestyle, social life, health, family etc., is greatly linked with employee productivity, performance and job satisfaction. Where there is proper balance between work and life, employees tend to put in their best efforts at work, because their famil... read more

The study examined the impact of TQM on the performance of First Bank, using Uyo branch as a case study. The primary and secondary sources of data collection were adopted in the research methodology. One hypothesis was raised and tested, using simple percentages and the Chi Square method. Findings: this research work is to study The Impact of Total Quality Management in the Nigerian Service Industry, taking First Bank as a case study. Findings show that its implementation has enabled the bank ... read more

Organization has no opinion to whether to appraise its personnel and their performance or not just as training is a must after procurement, so is the personnel appraisal. Therefore, it is inevitable that the performance of the hire personnel will be evaluated by someone. It has been established that the manager job is to achieve the predetermined result through its people. This is an exercise that required cooperative and term effort on the part of the managers and employee under him. The tes... read more

Communication is the process of sharing information, thoughts and feelings between people through speaking, writing or body language. Effective communication extends the concepts to require that transmitted content to received and understood by someone in the way it was intended. The goals of effective communication include creating a common perception changing behaviours and acquiring information. Effective communication begins with encoding or the skill of relating a message in a clear, direct... read more

In every organization there are people who ensure that the system continues, these are the management personnel’s. The system cannot function well if decisions are made instantaneously. It can only excel where there is importance of planning process. Effect of planning is an integral part of organizational strategies to ensure the smooth running of a system. Effect of planning is always future oriented. It beings with the formulation of clean aims and objectives most organizatio... read more

The production of goods and services in the most efficient manner has continued to be the only viable and reliable option for development, growth and survival of any economy. SMEs have been fully recognized by government and development experts as the main engine of economic growth and a major factor by extension in promoting the realization of the financial systems strategy 2020. This is because the development of this sub-sector is an essential element in the growth strategy, not only in contr... read more

The role of microfinance bank in economic growth and development is quite clear and distinct as the agricultural and entrepreneural sector of the Nigerian economy has been improved through numerous Micro Finance banks.The contribution of the micro finance bank in economic development is situated within the frame work of entrepreneurial development since the major reason for the establishment of the microfinance bank is to ensure the economic growth through the enforcement of the business entrepr... read more

THE ROLE OF CO-OPERATE SOCIETIES TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNITIES IN NIGERIA ABSTRACT The development of rural areas in Nigeria is influenced by numerous factors. The activities of co-operative societies in Kogi State was checked to see if it played any role in the development in the community it operates, Oral interview were carried out, several book were consulted and also, finding of registered co-operative societies and number of their members were carried out. From the fin... read more

Social networking is creating a dramatic changes or dynamic in the environment but it’s obvious it is creating changes. Social networking an online medium of interaction which let people build relations, share ideas, communicate information and bounding society in sentimental stream. Social networking is making dramatic growth in dynamic environment of now a day. People use social networks for catharsis of their human emotions. Motives of social networking can be different for person to person... read more

THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL GOAL

SMEs are noted as the foundation of the emerging private sector in developing countries and government’sassistance is paramount to sustainin contribution to the country’s economyenhance (Worl performance of SMEs, little or no attention is given to the sector to become business recovery conscious in moments when disaster strikes. Events such as violent floods, fire outbreaks, traffic accidents, occupational hazards, accidental damage to properties and harm caused to lives, theft and armed rob... read more

Governments, donors and NGOs have over the years initiated and implemented programmes aimed at empowering women economically and socially. Despite these efforts some challenges still remain. Microfinance as tool for women empowerment has become the main subject of many global and regional conferences, seminars and workshops. This study therefore examined the contribution of microfinance to the socio-economic empowerment of women in Nigeria by using Nsehe Micro Finance microfinance programme as a... read more

Small and Medium enterprises are the catalyst for economic growth in most economies thus, the fundamental objective of this study is to investigate the impact of loans on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. So that the ability of SMEs to develop positively and drive economic growth in the Nigeria will become real. Simple random sampling technique was employed in selecting the 100 SMEs that constituted the sample size of the research. Structured questionnaire was designed to facilitat... read more

Tax collection has remained an issue of great concern to past and present governments of Nigeria. The credit crunch that hit most developed countries in the year 2008 has reduced donor support to most developing countries. As a result, there is a great dependence on internally generated tax revenue for development. It is therefore important that the Revenue Collecting Agencies be efficient and effective in carrying out their duties to raise the much needed Government Revenue. This study exami... read more

The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between the contributions of insurance companies and the growth of SMEs in NICON basing on the following objectives; to examine major factors that affects the growth of SMEs; to assess the contribution of insurance companies to the growth of SMEs; to investigate the factors inhibiting the purchase of insurance cover by SME operators and to determine the strength of the relationship between insurance companies and growth of SMEs. The res... read more