THE IMPACT OF SMART PHONE USAGE ON THE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In the lives of students all across the world, the mobile phone has gained enormous traction. A mobile phone is a gadget that can make and receive calls through a radio connection while traveling across a large region. Pew Research Center (Pew Research Center, 2010). It achieves it via connecting to a mobile phone operator's cellular network, which gives it access to the public telephone network. Mobile phones from the past only support a few services. Calling, sending messages, and taking images are just a few examples. The mobile phone is one of the world's fastest-growing new technologies (Rebello, 2010). In 2001, there were less than a billion mobile phone users globally, with the majority of users coming from industrialized nations. However, by the end of 2010, there were five billion mobile phone users globally, with subscriptions from emerging nations outnumbering those from industrialized countries (Kelly, 2009; Rebello, 2010).
Since their fast rise in popularity in the late 1990s, mobile phones have become an almost indispensable element of daily life. Ling Ling Ling Ling Ling L (2004). According to a national poll performed in 2010, mobile phones are the most important mode of communication among teenagers. It has had a significant impact on society's accessibility, security, safety, and coordination of economic and social activities, and has therefore been ingrained in global culture. Families and schools, according to Ling (2004), are classic socialization agents. The development of the educational system as a result of the increased need for highly qualified workers has resulted in the school system taking on more socializing duties. Surprisingly, research on the impact of mobile phones on today's schools has received little attention. In respect to the mobile phone device, there is a contradictory priority among young people, parents, and teachers, with teachers more concerned about concerns such as classroom discipline and parents concerned about ways to reach their children at any time. The usage of cell phones in schools has been shown to be troublesome, according to researchers. The problem is exacerbated by parents' ignorance and casual attitudes, who are typically unaware of and unconcerned about their children's demands and challenges. In addition, guidance and counseling services are either non-existent or non-existent in most schools, and school teachers aren't helping matters (Taylor & Harper 2003). The majority of today's young are heavily impacted and influenced by what they see on social media sites on the internet, with obvious ramifications in their academic performance and life styles.
Many research have been undertaken in the subject of student accomplishment, and these studies identify and analyze a variety of elements that influence a student's academic performance in school, college, and even university. Students' effort, previous schooling, parent's educational background, family income, self-motivation of students, age of student, learning preferences, and entry qualification of students are all important factors that influence student academic performance in various settings, according to their findings. As a result, the purpose of this study is to determine the influence of mobile phone use on academic achievement among students in both private and public schools. Also, to see whether there would be a substantial difference in performance between pupils in public and private schools that use cellphones.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Mobile phones were not as prevalent among users in the previous decade as they are now, particularly among secondary school students. Recently, a mobile phone, which comes in a variety of types/models, each designed for various tasks/functions, has become one of the most fundamental essential devices owned by an ordinary school student, and it has been shown to have a significant impact on such students' academic performance. In the lives of students all across the world, the mobile phone has gained enormous traction. Students today bring some of the most expensive and sophisticated mobile phones, tablets, and IPADS to school/class with all of the applications, facilities, and software that can connect them to the internet and all forms of social media platforms, other web sites, and so on, where they chat, access, stream, download, upload, exchange, and play various kinds of media contents, the majority of which are pornographic (Olofuniyi,Fashiku,& Owombo 2012). According to Minnesota (2017), "the academic achievement of graduate students determines higher education success." Rather than focusing on their educational work, students prioritized the usage of mobile phones in their courses, hostels, and social lives. Most of these students' mobile phone usage patterns, both during and after school hours, such as their level of participation in free calls, chatting, instant messaging, social networking, and test malpractices, among other things, have a significant impact on their academic performance. It was against this background that this study sought to investigate the impact of smart phone usage on the secondary school students academic achievement in Ogbomosho metropolis in Oyo State, Nigeria.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of smart phone usage on the secondary school students academic achievement in Ogbomosho metropolis in Oyo State, Nigeria.The specific objectives are to:
i. To discover the rate at which mobile phones are being utilized among secondary Schools students.
ii. Find out the impact of mobile phones on the academic performance of secondary School students.
iii. Compare student performance of students using mobile phone and students who does not use mobile phone.
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The following research hypotheses will guide the researcher during the course of this research to arrive at a valid results:
HO1: The extent at which student use smart phone in secondary school is low.
HO2: High usage of smart phone among secondary school student has no significant impact on their academic achievement.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is meant to reveal the impact of mobile phones on student performance in secondary Schools. It would expose the students to the implications of spending too much time on their mobile phones. To School psychologists, teachers, school administrators, parents and students the result of the study will draw emphasis on why they should be sensitized on the influence of mobile phone usage on academic performance among secondary school students Also, can serve as precautionary measures towards achieving good academic result for students. Empirically, the study will add to the body of existing literature and serve a s reference material to scholars and student who wishes to conduct further studies on related topic.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study borders on the impact of smart phone usage on the secondary school students academic achievement . the study will further discuss the rate at which mobile phones are being utilized among secondary Schools students. It will find out the impact of mobile phones on the academic performance of secondary School students and compare student performance of students using mobile phone and students who does not use mobile phone. The study is however delimited to selected secondary school in Ogbomosho metropolis in Oyo State, Nigeria.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Like in every human endeavour, the researchers encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. The significant constraint was the scanty literature on the subject owing that it is a new discourse thus the researcher incurred more financial expenses and much time was required in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size covering only secondary school in Ogbomosho metropolis in Oyo State, Nigeria. Thus findings of this study cannot be used for generalization for other secondary school in other States within Nigeria. Additionally, the researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work will impede maximum devotion to the research. Howbeit, despite the constraint encountered during the research, all factors were downplayed in other to give the best and make the research successful.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Effects: ability to have an influence over something or someone
Mobile: Anything that can be carried from one place to another.
Phone: Electronic equipment that converts sound into electrical signals that can be transmitted over distances and then converts received signals back into sounds.
Academic performance: the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their short or long-term educational goals.
Secondary schools: in between basic school and college
Students: someone who is studying in order to enter a particular profession
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