CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background of the study

The school is held responsible for every facet of a student's performance by parents and society at large. As a result, classroom management is critical to students' academic success. Effective classroom management gives the instructor complete control over the classroom while also providing the order and safety that are necessary for teaching and learning. Nonetheless, several educational reforms, such as the 1977 National Policy on Education, which was amended in 1981, 1998, and 2004 in Wali (2007), failed to discuss or address classroom management and the link between students' academic achievement and classroom management.Despite the fact that the success or failure of any teaching and learning process is dependent on how classrooms are managed, classroom management is one of the neglected areas in our secondary schools. Failure to successfully manage the classroom may have a severe impact on the whole school, particularly when it comes to academic achievement. When this happens, there are also negative implications, such as a drop in the school's student population since parents/guardians choose to enroll their children in schools that do better academically.One of the most important aspects of Classroom Management is discipline. Discipline is a result of the teacher-student relationship that promotes self-control and respect for authority. 2007 (Adu). It includes the creation and enforcement of regulations based on mutually agreed-upon limits that must not be violated. Breeching by students is a typical occurrence these days.the line, being aggressive in the classroom, and engaging in excessive misbehavior. As a consequence, the class is full of arrogant and misbehaving pupils, producing in a loud and chaotic environment that is not conducive to good teaching and learning.This condition is consistent with Martin and Sass's (2010) finding that classroom management has been identified as a problem for instructors throughout time. They went on to say that in schools where discipline and behavior concerns are not appropriately addressed, pupils' performance suffers.Marzono (2007) raised a similar concern when he said that pupils' feelings of safety at school are connected to their learning. Students will acquire nervousness and become unhappy in the classroom, he claims, if they don't feel comfortable. A secure and orderly atmosphere keeps pupils safe from physical and psychological damage while also allowing them to study.Another concerning problem in public secondary schools is the caliber of instructors. The system has enlisted the help of non-professional educators. A teacher who has completed the Teacher Registration Council of Nigeria (TRCN) professional qualification test is known as a professional teacher.A trained and competent teacher has a greater chance of changing the lives of children by instilling desire, lofty objectives, and ambitions in their hearts, as well as serving as a role model and demonstrating the path to greatness. A competent and professional teacher is more likely to settle and avoid conflict in the classroom, resulting in a more conducive learning and teaching environment and improved academic achievement.Poor classroom management may have a detrimental impact on students' academic achievement. As a result, it is critical that instructors learn to properly manage their classes in order to increase productivity. Many individuals are concerned about pupils' academic achievement these days. Our high school grads are unable to defend their diplomas. This might occur as a consequence of student indiscipline in the classroom, such as tardiness, creating excessive noise, and so on. As a result, classroom management is required, which includes instructors' attempts to supervise classroom activities such as student conduct, interaction, and learning

1.2 .Statement of research problem

Poor or low academic performance, a high failure rate in tests such as the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE), the National Examination Council (NECO), and the huge number of low-quality pupils graduating have sparked widespread concern in society. What may be causing this dreadful tendency, despite the fact that there are well-trained and certified instructors available to educate effectively?

A deeper examination of the learning environment reveals that something has to be done to enhance pupils' academic achievement.

Because children will acquire anxiety and become comfortable in the classroom if they do not feel secure, a conducive classroom is critical for learning. Our public schools, on the other hand, are filled with chaotic and inhospitable classrooms, a climate that is unlikely to foster expanded teaching and learning. In light of this, the purpose of this research is to look at the impact of classroom management strategies on students' academic performance in Nigeria.

1.3 Objectives of the study

The primary objective of this study are as follows:

l  To find out  the effect of classroom discipline on student academic performance .

l  To find out the implication of use of classroom reward system on students’ academic performance.

l  To find out ways to improve  delegation of Authority in the classroom on students’ academic performance.

1.4 Research questions

1.        Does classroom discipline have effect on students academic performance?

2.        Do you think there are implication  of classroom reward system on the academic performance of student?

3.        Do you think there can be improvement  in delegation of authority on student academic performance?

1.5 Significance of the study

The significance of this study cannot be underestimated as:

l  This study will examine the classroom management practices effect and implication on students academic performance

l  The findings of this research work will undoubtedly provide the much needed information to government organizations, secondary school board,and academia.

1.6 Scope of the study

This study intends to examine the  classroom management practices effect and implication on student academic performance in Nigeria a case study of selected secondary schools in NSUKKA LGA, ENUGU state. Hence, secondary schools in NSUKKA LGA will be used as a case study.

1.7 Limitations of the study

This study was constrained by a number of factors which are as follows:

 just like any other research, ranging from unavailability of needed accurate materials on the topic under study, inability to get data

Financial constraint , was faced by  the researcher ,in getting relevant materials  and  in printing and collation of questionnaires

Time factor: time factor pose another constraint since having to shuttle between writing of the research and also engaging in other academic work making it uneasy for the researcher

1.8 Operational definition of terms

Classroom; a room in which a class of pupils or students is taught

Management: the process of dealing with or controlling things or people.

Practices; the actual application or use of an idea, belief, or method, as opposed to theories relating to it.

Effect: a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.

Implication: the conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated.

Student: a person who is studying at a university or other place of higher education.

Academic performance:  the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has attained their short or long-term educational goals.

REFERENCES

Adu, E. O., & Olatundun, S. O. (2007), Teachers’ perception of teaching as correlates of students’ academic performance in Oyo State Nigeria. Essays in Education, 20, 57-63.

Marzano, R. (2003). What works in schools: Translating research into action. Virgina: ASCD Publications.

Martin, N. K., & Sass, D. (2010). Construct validation of the behavior and instructional

management scale. Teacher and Teacher Education. University of Texas, San Antonio.

Wali, W. I. (2007). A hand book on contemporary issues in education in Nigeria. Port Harcourt: Pearl Publishers.

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