CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Audio and visual materials like radio, projector, chalkboard etc play a very important role in teaching/learning of social studies. These instructional materials came into existence when an exhibition was held in Austria. In the exhibition home schools from USA attended the exhibition where they displayed different forms of audio and visual materials even audio visual materials were also presented. Some of them were Radio, cassette, blackboard (wooden), Graph, Television, Charts and numerous posters to educate people that attended the exhibition. (Akolo, 2000)

As a result of the exhibition held the importance of the use of audio and visual media came into being for effective teaching and learning back in USA people started forming different association such as motion picture and these associations helped in distributing instructional materials all over USA and also propagated education.

The aims of introducing these materials by the school of throughout in Austria and those that attended the conference as to bring about effective teaching and learning process. Under education policy, schools were required to use different forms of instructional materials to facilitate learning, but these schools ended up not using term.

This was in 1995 when the colonial government a commission to consider the possibility of using radio and television in teaching and learning process. In the report of the commission, it was recommended that the materials (audio and visual aids) should be used.

        In 1957, the first educational media was introduced and also in 1959 television was used in enhancing effecting teaching/learning.

        Based on the above recommended, audio and visual materials or aid can be seen as an observable measure and capable of improving learning outcome. From the write of there, an economic teaching should try to improvise teaching aids in their schools, and also make appropriate use of instructional materials (audio and visual) in teaching-learning of social studies in different schools.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

        For successful survey there is need to focus attention on the following problems;

1. How does the type of teacher trained or untrained affect the use of audio and visual aid?
2. Is the quantity and quality of instructional materials (audio and visual) in the school affecting the effective teaching of the subject?
3. Are the teachers using the available instructional aids adequately?
4. The community and the government aware of the importance of teaching materials in the teaching of various subjects in Oredo Local Government Area?
5. Is there proper maintenance in terms of repairing and servicing fo the audio and visual materials available?

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

        In carrying out the study, the researcher had certain basis assumption of social studies?

1. Does the unavailability of adequate  instructional materials (audio and visual) affecting students performance in social studies?
2. Does the use of audio and visual aids also affect understanding of social studies?
3. Are there any tendencies of better performance by students if the frequency of the use of audio and visual aid is increased? 

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

        The main objectives of this research is to therefore to highlighting the effect of the use of audio and visual materials in the teaching and learning of economic in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, to this end the following sub-objectives will be examined;

1. The place of audio and visual materials in teaching and learning in schools.
2. To take to look at the use of audio and visual materials in schools.
3. To proffer solutions to the problem  facing the use of audio and visual aid/materials  

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

        The benefit could be derived from the outcome of this investigation are as fellow; it is envisaged that the findings will be of use to social  studies teachers, school, supervisors, principals government policy maker and all those who are interested in social studies as a branch of art. It is also hoped that it will contribute towards better academic performance in social studies in secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

        Finally, it will also help social studies teachers in Oredo Local Government Area to improve on the poor usage of audio and visual aids in the teaching/learning of social studies

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

        In a study of this nature in wide geographical coverage will be good enough for the study but due to financial factors, limited time, transportation, the study will be restricted to four selected secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State and these includes; New Era College, Benin City, Edokpolor Grammar School, Benin City, Emotan College, Benin City and Eghosa Grammar School, Benin City.       

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