CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Throughout the world, societal issues, public health challenges, and educational obstacles, to name a few, have continued to obstruct nations' growth. Teenage pregnancy is one of the major societal issues generating debate among researchers and afflicting both developing and developed societies, as its impact on societal advancement, mortality rates, educational enrollment/attainment, and child and psychological development has reached alarming levels globally (Gyan,2013). It is a societal dilemma, according to Brown (2013), when adult duties such as sexual intercourse, breastfeeding, and reproduction are performed by someone who is seen as a kid by society.
Teenage pregnancy is defined as a circumstance in which a young girl is subjected to physical and psychological functions that are normally designated for adults. Furthermore, it may be characterized as the process of pregnancy caused by a child's drug misuse and sexual exploitation (Ekefre, Ekanem & Essien, 2014). As a result, it might be Because of the known harmful impacts and causes on perinatal outcomes and long-term morbidity, teen pregnancy has become a public health problem. The high frequency of poverty, poor level of education, which is our main, and single marital status among teenage moms frequently muddle the relationship of early maternal age. The independent influence of teenage pregnancy on educational difficulties and issues in a total number of children and adolescents who are moms is examined in this study. According to Angola, G "Dilemma of the African Child" the spokesman newspaper and publishing collaboration, 1973), adolescence is a critical phase of growth in a woman's life, spanning from pre-puberty to early adulthood. Girls (teens) are inquisitive and want to learn and be taught the proper attitude (s) (Margaret, O. Childhood and adolescent studies for effective teaching, revised edition, 1999). According to reports, the global rate of adolescent pregnancy ranges from 143 per 1000 in some nations.
According to a survey by the Demographic and Health Survey in Nigeria, roughly 23% of females aged 15-19 years are already pregnant, while 10% of teenagers living in rural regions are already pregnant, compared to 32% of adolescents living in urban areas (DHS, 2013). As a result, adolescent pregnancy is on the increase in the United States (Egbule, & Ugoji, 2000). Consequently, numerous studies have been carried out in many countries, particularly in Nigeria, to determine the reasons and consequences of adolescent pregnancy (Gueorguieva et al.,2001; Alabi & Oni, 201). The ease with which teenagers might fall into the abyss of premarital sexual immorality has been offered as a factor for this. This simply implies that we all live in a world where one type of moral degeneration or another is prevalent. Bizarrely, teenagers in many underdeveloped nations throughout the world, particularly in Nigeria, now contend with not just living their lives as they like, but also with premarital sex, which leads to the gentle killer "abortion." Pregnancy in teenagers causes vesico-vaginal fistula pain, as well as societal shame owing to their increased desire in sex.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
As our society evolves, teenagers who were formerly considered innocent now engage in sexual acts on par with adults. Unfortunately, the outcome is now a concern for herself, her parents, society, and even the unborn child. Ekefre, Ekanem & Essien, (2014) opined that many Nigerian parents contribute to teenage pregnancy in today's secondary schools because they are too preoccupied with generating money rather than to spend time with their children, particularly girls, teaching and developing them to become future leaders. Data supporting the reasons of adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria include a lack of education, greater rates of poverty, and other negative life effects (Onyido & Brambaifa (2018). However, being a young mother in a developing nation like ours may have an impact on one's education, and adolescent moms are more likely to drop out before becoming pregnant. In light of this, it is vital to give a critical examination of the causes and consequences of teenage pregnancies in secondary school.s can affect ones education and teen mothers are more likely to dropout of school in prior to becoming pregnant. Against this backdrop, it becomes imperative to present a critical analysis on the causes and effects of teenage pregnancy in secondary school.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The broad objective of this study is to present a critical analysis on the causes and effects of teenage pregnancy in secondary school.Other specific objectives includes:
1. To ascertain the extent at which teenage pregnancy is rampant in secondary schools.
2. To determine the causes of teenage pregnancy among secondary school girls.
3. To investigate whether teenage pregnancy will impact the academic progression of the victim.
4. To establish the negative impact of teenage pregnancy to the victim and society
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
HO1: The extent at which teenage pregnancy is rampant in secondary schools is low.
HO2: Teenage pregnancy does not have significant impact on the academic progression of the victim
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study would enable the teacher’s school counsellors, parents, siblings, teenagers peer group, community health workers and the society at large to have better understanding of what used to prompt our secondary school teenagers into having premarital sex leading to teenage pregnancy. This study will help to educate on the consequences of early pregnancy, on educational attainment and also the significant negative emotional and social consequences of sexual activities leading to teenage pregnancy in order for the following persons/groups to benefit. Future mothers who would want to enjoy their family through this study would abstain from sex in order not to destroy their future. Parents of these teens would benefit by excluding shame or ridicule by friends. The society is also in the position to benefit due to the fact that the society would be made up of planned children who are needed and reduces population.- The school authorities would have more students to educate with more zeal and seriousness. Teenagers would escape unwanted pregnancy, STD, shame and safeguard their future The study will also serve as a reference material to scholars and student who wishes to conduct further studies in related field.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study borders on a critical analysis on the causes and effects of teenage pregnancy in secondary school. It will further ascertain the extent at which teenage pregnancy is rampant in secondary schools, determine the causes of teenage pregnancy among secondary school girls, investigate whether teenage pregnancy will impact the academic progression of the victim and establish the negative impact of teenage pregnancy to the victim and society. The study is however delimited to selected secondary schools in Ikot-Ekpene Local government Metropolis in Akwaibom State.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Like in every human endeavour, the researchers encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. The significant constraint was the scanty literature on the subject owing that it is a new discourse thus the researcher incurred more financial expenses and much time was required in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size covering only selected secondary schools in Ikot-Ekpene Local government Metropolis in Akwaibom State. Thus findings of this study cannot be used for generalization for other secondary schools in other states within Nigeria. Additionally, the researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work will impede maximum devotion to the research. Howbeit, despite the constraint encountered during the research, all factors were downplayed in other to give the best and make the research successful.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Teenagers: People in their years between the ages of thirteen to nineteen.
Premarital: Happening or existing before marriage.
Moral: This refers to the principle of right or wrong especially in matters of sex.
Researcher: A careful study of subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information about something.
Decadence: This is a state of having low moral standard or imperfection in behaviour.
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