Ethics has been one of the principal issues confronting both large and small businesses for many years. While businesses are responsible for maximizing long-term value for the shareholders, they are also expected to enforce and adhere to certain ethical standards among others. Recently, the Lagos State Government interest in this area is intensified due to widespread media accounts of outbreaks of ethical failing and environmental pollution at Ladipo market in Mushin Local Government ... read more

Corporate social responsibility isdescribed essentially as a concept, whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis (Osuagwu, 2002). Corporate social responsibility is also a process by which companies manage their relationships with a variety of stakeholders who can have a real influence on their operation, the business case becomes apparent. Thus it should be treated as an inve... read more

In any organization there are four major factors of production which include man (human resource), machine, raw material and money. Human resources play the vital role of coordinating all other factors of production in order to bring about an increase in output. Human resource is the process of grouping people into various activities in an organization and systematically coordinating the task of harnessing machines, material and money resources needed to bring about desired output. It is diff... read more

Corporate planning is the process of selected objectives, purpose or goals and deciding generally and specifically what should be done to attain these objectives. It is done at corporate level which covers the entire organization with due attention to various departments, sections, division and branches that up the organization. Corporate planning is also called strategic planning as a tool to aid management in strategic decision-making. The purpose of strategic planning thus to accomplish a suf... read more

Many approaches have been used in the past to explain how organizations operate the classical organic and quantitative schools focus on aspects of organization, which manager could influence directly. The approach has been criticized for being too restrictive and inadequate since these schools failed to account for the varying environmental factors that dictate the fortunes of organization. For instance, in the past organization focused mainly on profit maximization, however, recent challeng... read more

The importance of motivation in any organization cannot be overlooked, especially in the banking sector. In the past years, it is understood that human resources i.e. labour and entrepreneurial ability are the most important of all factors of production. In Nigeria today, workers (employees) are believed to be motivated to work through the use of money as incentive. However, one of the basic assumptions in managerial practice is that workers can be motivated towards productivity by satisfying... read more

The organizational structure of Enugu state transport company limited is conglomerations of line, staff and product structure but the fact were not adequately represented in the company's organizational chart. The company's organizational structure finally reflect all functional department necessary for the effective and efficient performance and achievement of organizational objectives but the structure is not supported both coherent organizational manuals and this gives rise to inconsistencies... read more

The focus on economic development has shifted in recent years from public-sector led economic development to private sector driven economic development. In achieving this, the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) sector is usually relied upon because of extant scholarly knowledge of its capacity to contribute to economic development. In 2002, the Honourary Presidential Council on Investment (HPACI) SME sector profile reveals that the SMEs contribute as much as 40% of GDP in developed economies an... read more

The human resources are the most dynamic of all the organization’s resources of all the organization’s resources. They need considerable attention from the organization’s management; if they are to realize their full potential in their work. Thus motivation, leadership, communication work restructuring, payment systems and training and development may be included in the issue which has to be faced by management today. Most of these issues will be considered in this research work, but now i... read more

Training refers to the teaching or learning activity carried on for the primary purpose of helping members of an organization acquired and apply the knowledge, ability, skill and attitude needed by the organization. Training and Development of an employee cannot be overlooked especially in the bank sector as it forms the umbilical cord of proficiency and greater efficiency which remain the trademark of any organization. Broadly speaking, training is the act of increasing knowledge and skill o... read more

Motivation is the inner state that causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal. Or it can be defined as the state that directs the individuals towards the goal of satisfying felted need. The individual is moved to take action to reduce a state of tension and return to a condition of equilibrium. Motivation of staff and its impact on the organization productivity is the subject matter of this projects with a cases study of Kaduna refinery and petrochemi... read more

Ratio has been most important tools for the effective development of manufacturing companies and industries, the major uses of ratio is to access the profitability, gearing, liquidity and asset turnover of the company. The introduction of ratio analysis in manufacturing company has brought about a turn around in many industry and companies. The important of ratio analysis in the running of any manufacturing cannot be over emphasizes, it is this significant role that led to the believe. Th... read more

The use of e-commerce websites can lead to accepting and satisfying intentions and then influence customer satisfaction behavior towards an e-commerce websiteCustomer satisfaction is how satisfied a customer is with the supplied product/service. It is closely related to interpersonal trust [Geyskens, Steenkamp, Scheer, and Kumar 1996]. [Zins 2001], stated , it is expected that a higher level of customer satisfaction will lead to greater loyalty. However, the impact of satisfaction on custom... read more

Motivation, as a process, started with a need in human being which creates a vacuum in a person. In an attempt to fill the vacuum an internal driving force is generated which starts and sustains a chain of action and reaction. It is at that point that the vacuum is also filled. With this background information, Nnabuife (2009), define motivation as the internal or external driving force that produces the willingness to perform an act to a conclusive end. This first aspect of motivation we choose... read more

Pinchot (1984) defined intrapreneurs as "dreamers who do. Those who take hands-on responsibility for creating innovation of any kind, within a business". In 1992, The American Heritage Dictionary acknowledged the popular use of a new word, intrapreneur, to mean "A person within a large corporation who takes direct responsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation". The researcher is of the opinion that such risk taking and innovati... read more

This research work seeks to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility on bank performance on the commercial banks in Nigeria. Time series data from 2004 to 2013 were computed from the financial statements of the samples studied. The period was assumed long enough to account for corporate social responsibility on five commercial banks in Nigeria.Annual reports from the secondary source of data collection where the CSR expenditure and return on assets (ROA) for the period of 2004-2013w... read more

A business organization is an individual or group of people that collaborate to achieve certain commercial goals. Some business organizations are formed to earn income for owners. Other business organizations, called nonprofits, are formed for public purposes. These businesses often raise money and utilize other resources to provide or support public programs. Organization is a broader term, as it includes businesses and other groups of people not organized for commercial purposes. Clubs and sp... read more

Around 1999, empirical researchers began to examine the performance and consequences of formal corporate planning (Thune and House, 1999; Ansoff et al., 2000; Herold, 2001) and over 40 planning performance studies have appeared since that time. However, in recent years this line of research has slowed to a trickle and with good reason. Previous studies lacked theoretical ground, produced a bewildering array of contradictory findings, drew heavy criticism for inadequate methodologies and had litt... read more

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) occupy a place of pride in virtually every country or state. Because of their (SMEs) significant roles in the development and growth of various economies, they (SMEs) have aptly been referred to as "the engine of growth" and "catalysts for socio-economic transformation of any country" (Onugu, 2005). Several studies (i.eSanusi, 2003; Onugu, 2005; Osuagwu, 2006; Ehinomen and Adeleke, 2012) have revealed that funding has been one of the major challenges facing th... read more

Globalization could simply be described as the integration of national economies through trade investment and financial interaction. The concept of globalization began to thrive shortly after the end of Second World War when the allies led by the united State decided to support a world wide opentrading and investment system. The collapse of the Soviet Union,the fall of the Berlin wall and anti-climatic end of the cold war aided the emergence of the ascendancy of the globalization trend. This res... read more