In the olden days, man has suffered several disease associated with poor oral hygiene, some of which are bacteria plaque on tooth surface, cavities and decay of the tooth. The desire of man to understand the complexities of life within his surroundings had led man to study and found ways to better his living conditions and had persisted to present day.

Poultry are collection of birds raised domestically for meat, egg and feathers, chickens, clucks, turkeys and geese are fowl and squabs are chiefly of local interest. These birds are source of income and food to the rarer. In the past, only hens that could no longer produce eggs were killed and sold for meat but by the mid – 20th century, meat production had outstripped egg. Production as a specialized industry (Barnes, K. 1993)

The availability of tap has major public health benefits, since it typically vastly reduces the risk to the public contacting water borne diseases. Providing tap water to large urban or suburban populations requires a complex and carefully designed system of collection storage treatment and distribution and is commonly the responsibility of a government agency, often the same agency responsible for the removal and treatment of water (Chartres, 2010).

Vitamins are organic substances found in most natural foods in rather small amounts and required by the organism in also small amount for the conduct of several chemical and biochemical processes on which the attainment of good nutritional health depends. It can also be defined as organic compounds which occur in natural foodstuffs, either as such or as utilizable precursors, and which are necessary usually in minute’s amounts, for normal growth maintenance, reproduction and health in animals.

Cassava is a root plant; it originated from South America and spread widely in the Africa countries including Nigeria. It has botanical characterization of Manihots esculenta .It store food in its tuber. The tuber (root) and leave is the edible part of the cassava which is the most source of carbohydrate to man and animals, which in turn when hydrolyze in the process of metabolism to simple sugar glucose – which is the source of energy for man and animals.

Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds which mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties (Grant, 2005). Also some synthetic compounds of similar structure are attributed to alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulphur and more rarely other elements such as Chlorine, bromine and phosphorus. The compounds have complex molecular stru... read more

Starch is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by all green plants as an energy store. It is the most common carbohydrate in the human diet and is contained in large amounts in such staple foods as potatoes. Wheat maize (corn) rice and cassava (Michael et al, 2005). Pure starch is white tasteless and odorless power that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. It consists of two types of molecules: the lin... read more

Fish is one of the major sources of animal protein. Protein are very essential in man’s diet as they are one of the important nutrient needed by the body for various metabolic processes and because of their rich nutrient constituents, fish can form a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms. Fish can be processed for commercial purposes and preserved so that they can remain unspoilt for a relatively long time. There are various ways of processing fish, one of the local method whic... read more

Microbiological Examination of decaying vegetable (pumpkin leave) sold at Afia Nine in Obiagu, Enugu was carried out to obtain the caused organisms, and were examined by culturing them on nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and sabourand dextrose agar for bacteria and fungi organisms that are causing decaying of vegetable (pumpkin leave). Three (3) bacteria and three (3) fungi were isolated. The bacteria include Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas solanceatun and Corynebacteria spedonicum while fungi isol... read more

Soap has been a product with over a 5000 years history. It has remained an essential ingredient in modern living. It is used daily for medicinal and for laundry purposes; for household cleansing and for personal hygiene. There is an ongoing demand for bar soap as a cleaning agent despite the rolls made by modern detergents and soap powders (Barthelemy, 1883). Industrial manufactured bar soaps first became available in the late eighteenth century. This happened when advertising campaigns in Eu... read more

Spinach is vegetable fruit which can be produce fresh. Many fruits that are in a botanical sense are true fruits that are actually treated as vegetables, these culinary vegetables include cucurbits, e.g (Squash, cucumber and spinach). The spinach is thought to have originated in India -where it is found wild and is cultivated in many diverse forms. Accessions of cucumis satinus L. Var hardwickl is related to the original ancestors of the spinach Maynard et al., (2000). Secondary centers of diver... read more

The term Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) covers a range of computer-based packages, which aim to provide interactive instruction usually in a specific subject area and many predate the internet. These can range from sophisticated and expensive commercial packages to applications developed by projects in other educational institutions or national initiatives to simple solutions developed by individuals with no funding or support to tackle a very local problem. The amount of time and money invest... read more

The manual method of booking for hotel rooms in Nigeria is characterized with numerous problems. Some of these are :customers having little or no information about the hotels within their vicinity; A guest checking into a hotel room that is either too expensive or too unbefitting for his/her personality;Prolonged delay by the receptionist in retrieving certain information about any particular guest that checked into the hotel whenever such information being demanded by the manager;The foul play ... read more

Traditional lock systems using mechanical lock and key mechanism are being replaced by new advanced techniques of locking system. These techniques are an integration of mechanical and electronic devices and highly intelligent. One of the prominent features of these innovative lock systems is their simplicity and high efficiency. Such an automatic lock system consists of electronic control assembly which controls the output load through a password. This output load can be a motor or a lamp or ... read more

The electoral system in Nigeria have had poor record in electoral process, this have been attributed to the poor registration of voters. The electoral bodies in the past were based on manual registration process, which gave room for electoral fraud mostly in the state level. Also, the state electoral bodies in Nigeria operates under a federal voters register, so the need to develop “a single, uniform, official, centralized, interactive computerized state voter registration list defined, mainta... read more

Cloning of Computer System is very essential in a computing area. This project focuses more on how computer system could be coupled and maintained effectively and efficiently without any fault during assembling of the system. Throughout this project we shall focus on each and every components needed for assembling and also there functions. The main reason why people go for assembling of system instead of buying a new system is to allow them to have good and satisfactory quality of what t... read more

Due to the advancement of science and technology throughout the world, there is a consequent increase in the rate and sophistication of crime. As a result, it is necessary to ensure security of oneself and one’s valuable belongings. Even with the use of mechanical locks, the crime rate still has increased due to the fact that these locks are easily broken. Consequently, there is a need for other types of locks -especially electronic ones.

Quiz buzzers are used often at places like educational institutions where it is required for game shows and also in live quiz competitions broadcasted via television. A quiz buzzer allows any user to press the switch quickly in response to a question posed during competitions that are conducted in schools and colleges. The pressed switch gives a buzzing sound or alarm for some duration of time and the reaction time is very small. Buzzer can also be used in different applications such as annuncia... read more

This project deals on the design and construction of automatic hand dryer with temperature display facility which is capable of drying a wet hand placed under its vent goes of automatically. It corporate a temperature sensing and displays unit which displays the temperature of the blown out air. This system is designed in top-down methodology using passive and active components sensors (LM35 & LDR) at the input to sense temperature and hands respectively. The control unit is made up of signal co... read more

The sophisticate of the socio-economic and political environment of the world has introduced a state of urgency and style human affairs are conducted. There is an increasing awareness about the fact that does for instance in a race, the winner is the shorted possible time, in Business, there is a popular saying that time is money, signifying that the two has an opportunity cost. That being the case information which is the basis for most decision ought timely. As such telecommunication has in th... read more