For clarity, it is pertinent that we start by defining the subject of this work. Exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another currency. It is the price of one foreign currency in terms of the domestic currency. It sends signals that affect consumption and investment decisions and therefore influences both the composition and value of aggregate demand and supply (CBN: Contemporary Economic Policy issues, 2003). Exchange rate stability is therefore commitment of the government t... read more

Monetary policy is the process by which monetary authority of a country controls the supply of the money that is monetary stock often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability. Monetary policy measures are monetary management put in place by the government through the central bank. These measures rely on the control of monetary stocks, that is supply of money in order to influence board macro- economic objectives which includes price stability, high... read more

The study examines the role of infrastructure development in national economic growth. A model was specified for the purpose and secondary quarterly data was collected for the period 2000-2010. The objective of this research was primarily to investigate the level of telecom infrastructure development on the Nigeria economy. Statistical technique of ordinary least square (OLS ) was employed for the estimation. Our result shows that developments in telecommunications sector provided by teledensity... read more

The major goals of macro-economic policy are: to achieve full employment in other words maintain a low and stable level of unemployment. To maintain a relative stable level of price payment position at a fixed stable exchange rate of growth. Practically, inflation which is a persistence increase in general price level is one of the macro-economic problems facing Nigeria today. According to Ewa Udu and Agu G.A it began in Nigeria during and after the Nigeria civil war (that is from 1965-1970).Be... read more

Industrial financing organizations have undergone a structural transformation during the last three decades in most developing countries. In this process of transformation, industrial development banks have emerged as catalytic agent of industrial and economic growth. This work is aimed at examining the contribution of the Bank of Industry (BOI) to the industrial development of Nigeria. Industrialization is regarded by the government as a sine qua non for National effort to achieve the degree of... read more

Gender differentiation and productivity are critical issues that are central to the socio-economic life of any country. Women contribute half or more of the country’s population, but they contribute much less than men towards the value of recorded production both quantitatively in labour force participation and qualitatively in educational achievement and skilled manpower (Olukemi, 2008). The extent to which these phenomena are discussed varies from country to country. While the developed coun... read more

Government expenditure has served as a common means of using fiscal policy in many countries to achieve economic growth, expansion, development and transformation of the economic base. According to Musgrave (1989), He described public expenditure as tool used to achieve three distinct objectives which include allocation, distributive and stabilization purpose. Hence the public expenditure is a comprehensive set of expenditure policy measures designed to achieve certain set up macro-economic goal... read more

Inflation has remained a chronic problem for Nigerian economy for some time. Inflation is not a new wood in the world economy and not out rightly bad, but the case of Nigeria is severe and i t will destabilize the entire economic frame work if it is not properly checked. This problem has brought about reduction of purchasing power discouragement of real investment balance of payment disequilibrium and unemployment. Inflation in Nigeria can be said to be a direct result of the policies of the co... read more

The Nigeria labour market in recent years has experienced problems such as strikes, unemployment and reduction in productivity. Labour conflict is a phenomenon that most often takes the form of strikes [where they are permitted] or, as in the public sector in the united states the arbitration procedures. In the United states arbitration is frequently used in the public sector when strikes are forbidden. The arbitrators are generally experts picked by the employers and unions following a procedu... read more

It is an undisputable fact that the contribution of microfinance to entrepreneurship activities is increasing being recognized as a primary engine of economic growth. (The Economist, May 18th 1996). By combining existing resources with innovative ideas, entrepreneurs add value through the commercialization of new products, the creation of new jobs and the building of new firms. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) indicates that nations with higher levels of entrepreneurial activit... read more

Public spending represents the annual expenditure by the federal government to achieve some macro-economic objectives which may include poverty reduction, increase in national productivity and macro-economic stability in the system. Since the late 1980’s, an increase in public spending has become a major instrument in Nigeria. This was attributed to the following reasons as the major causes of an increase in government expenditure in Nigeria. First is the dominant role of public sector in maj... read more

The Nigerian economy is a middle income economy emerging market with well-developed financial, legal, communication, transported entertainment sectors. It is ranked 31st in the world in terms of gross domestic product (GDP)as 2009 and its emergent through currently under performing manufacturing sectors is the second largest on the continent, for the west African region scholars have characterized the Nigerian economy to be associated with a high cost of living putting it in words,(EKAN 1998)sta... read more

There are various evidences, particularly over the post-Breton woods era, pointing to the vital role of oil price fluctuations in the determination of the path of the exchange rate” (Adeniyi et al, 2004). According to Krugman (1983), exchange rate appreciates in response to rising oil prices and depreciates with response to falling oil prices in oil exporting countries, while the opposite is expected to be the case in oil importing countries. Volatility is the fluctuation in the value of a va... read more

Public expenditure theories evolved out of the perceived failure of market economic to efficiently and equitably allocate economic resources for social and economic infrastructure development. This failure necessitated the emergence of welfare economics (state intervention in economic activities) leading consequently to the rapid expansion of the government sector, and by implication, growth in public expenditure. As the public sector size continued to grow relatively, the need for an appropriat... read more

The work was on the impact of Government Expenditure on Nigeria Growth (1981 – 2010) dealing with secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the National Bureau of Statistics Regression Analysis with (OLS) technique was used. Our findings indicate that there is a positive correlation between Inflation Money SupplyGovernment Consumption Expenditure. While Money Supply and LGDP-I has a positive impact on the dependent variable (GDP). But the GE (Government Expenditure) and M2 (Mon... read more

This research work evaluates the Impact of Taxation on Inequality in Nigeria from (1980-2010). From our finding we found out that taxation does not have a statistical significant effect on inequality in Nigeria. Taxation is one of the most important and easy source of revenue to any government as the government possesses inherent power to impose taxes and levies. Inequality can be reduced in Nigeria if the government will take a special look at the rural areas than in the urban areas and help to... read more

Over the years if has become established that the existence of an efficient human capital is the key to economic growth and development in any nation. This seems from the fact that every other facility and resources required for economic development is driven by the availability of human capital. More so in the absence of effective human capital development an increasing population can have an adverse negative effect on the economic growth of a nation.

Unemployment has been one of the most persistent and unmanageable problems facing all industrial countries of the world. It has been noted as a macroeconomic and social problem. In October 1982 the 13th International Conference of Labour Statisticians adopted a new resolution concerning the statistics of the economically active employment and unemployment they defined unemployment.

The difficulties of developing appropriate examination time table for institutions and tertiary is increasing. Institutions are enrolling more students into wider variety of courses in many different fields. For example, at Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, approximately 14,000 students have to be filled into about 150 exams over two and a half week’s period. The examination timetable problem regards the scheduling for the exams of a set of polytechnic courses, avoiding overlaps of exams o... read more

Over the year the leading cause of death in women aged between 35-54 years is breast cancer and second to cardiovascular disease in order women (Logan 1975). Mortality and incidence rate vary throughout the world with England and wale making first and us fourteen developing countries like Nigeria not left. In fact and two leading cancer sites are breast and lung accounting for about 25% of all cancer such a common disease in women and 1 and 12 women is affected in the U.S and 1 Nigeria. Howev... read more