CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Monetary policy is the process by which monetary authority of a country controls the supply of the money that is monetary stock often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability.
Monetary policy measures are monetary management put in place by the government through the central bank. These measures rely on the control of monetary stocks, that is supply of money in order to influence board macro- economic objectives which includes price stability, high level of em*loyment sustainable economic growth and balance of payment equilibrium. These board objectives are achieved through the use of appropriate instrument depending on which objective the policy formulated want to achieved and also on the level of development on the economy.
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In the application of monetary policy measures as instrument of stabilization, instrument of monetary policy are determined by the nature of the problems to be solved and by this environment in which these problems exist. They are broadly two categories of these instruments VIZ- indirect and direct instruments. INDIRECT INSTRUMENT are usually used in the market based on economic where the quality of money stock can affected through the relationship between supply and resume money as well as the ability of the monetary authority to influence the creation of reserved.
The reserved and hence money supply can be affected through the following ways.
1. Deposit ratio/change in reserve.
2. Change in discount rate.
3. Interest rate change.
4. Engaging in an open market operation.
In an underdeveloped financial institution the instrument of monetary management is largely limited to direct measure which set monetary and credit target at desired levels. The major DIRECT control measure is direct investment regulation however quantitative ceiling on overall credit operation is also used. These instruments of monetary policy are applied in the achievement of varied objectives.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
The Nigeria economy has encountered the problem of disequilibrium, inability to mobilize domestic savings and unsatisfactory expansion of domestic output. These problems have consistently and presently done severe damage to Nigeria economy; but most strikingly these problems have continued to play the economy unabated that is, the economy is becoming less strong. It is against the background that the problem of this study has been identified and they are as follows.
1. Are monetary policy measures effective as instrument of economic stabilization?
1.3 STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the study are:
i. To analyze the various monetary policy objectives and instrument for the period.
ii. To ascertain the level of success of policy measures against desired objects.
iii. To identify the factors that tends to hinder the full attainment of desired objectives.
iv. To recommend the appropriate policy measures for the achievement of specific objectives as well as recommend solution to problem that hinders the full attachment of such objectives.
1.4 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESISs
The following hypothesis is been formulated to guide the study.
H0: Monetary policy measures have no impact on the economic stabilization in Nigeria.
H1: Monetary policy measures have impact on the economic stabilization in Nigeria
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
These researches provide insight into monetary policy measures as an instrument of economic stabilization and will therefore be of valuable use to the following set of people.
i. To student, it will provide a compliment to the fair existing text on monetary policy and economic stabilization.
ii. To bankers, it will also find a valuable tool toward analyzing the effect of government action on their activities whether it is valuable or not.
iii. To investors, it will serve as a guideline on the effect of monetary policy on various sectors of the economy in which their fund can be invested.
iv. To the ordinary reader, this work will serves as an open eye and a valuable store of knowledge.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research work covers the monetary policies from (1980 – 2010). This study will cover the relationship between the individual who would wish to know about the country’s economic state, and it is hoped that it will go a long way to solve some of the economic problems as regards to monetary policies and its measure as an instrument of economic stabilization.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Monetary stock: This is the amount of money in circulation at any point in time.
Reserve money: This refers to the amount of money, banks are required to maintain in their vaults.
Reserve ratio: This is the ratio of deposit that banks are required to maintain with the central banks.
Discount rate: This is the rate at which the central bank make loan to commercial bank as a leader of last resort. This term is used to qualify the central bank, when banks are cash trapped; it is the central bank that lends to them, whenever there is no alternative or liquidation.
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