Today’s business environment is extremely dynamic in nature. It has experienced rapid changes as a result of technological improvements, increased awareness and demands for banks services. The Banking industry of the 21st century operates in a complex and competitive environment characterized by these changing conditions and highly unpredictable economic climate, thus, information and communication technology (ICT) is at the centre of this global change. Amedu (2005) asserts that banks over t... read more

The significance of the banking sector in any country stems from its role of financial mobilization from surplus to deficit unit, provision of a competent payment system and facilitation of the implementation of monetary policies. In intermediation, banks mobilize savings from the surplus units of the economy and channel these funds to the deficit unit, particularly private business enterprises, for the purposes of expanding their productive capacity. The banking sector has become one of the ... read more

Finance is required by different people, organizations and other economic agents for different purposes. To provide the needed finance, there are varieties of institutions rendering financial services. These institutions are called financial institutions. Financial institutions are divided into money and capital market. In the money market we have commercial banks that render financial services in term of intermediation. This involves channeling funds from the surplus spending to the deficient s... read more

Researchers all over the world has advocated the need for manager or consultant to constantly examines and evaluates an employee's work behavior and productivity by comparing it with preset standards, document the results of the comparison, and use the results to provide feedback to the employee to show where improvements are needed and why (Miles, 2002). This therefore enables managers to know the areas to invest in for optimal performance. Performance assessment is employed to determine who... read more

In Nigeria, the issue of financing active poor in both urban and rural areas through formal financial institutions is difficult (Ovia, 2007). Nigeria is facing various serious problems which are threats to the Nation economy (Anyanwu, 2004). According to National Financial Inclusion, in the provision of financial services, Nigeria lags behind many African countries. In 2010, 36% of adults – roughly 31 million out of an adult population of 85 million –were served by formal financial services.... read more

Nigerian banks in the face of increasing competition are currently facing enormous challenges which have made survival increasingly difficult. To survive and be successful providers of financial services, it is extremely important that the present environment should go with a new management order which will offer the customer satisfaction and make better business performance. It is evident that today customers have increasingly become so enlightened and aware of their importance that ignoring th... read more

Customer satisfaction is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. Customer satisfaction is also defined as "the number of customers, or percentage of total customers, whose reported experience with a firm, its products or its services (ratings) exceeds specified satisfaction goals (Farris, Paul W et.al.2010). And yet another definition of customer satisfaction is it refers to the extent to which customers are happy with the products and/o... read more

The recent innovation of technology for financial transactions poses interesting questions for policy makers and financial institutions regarding the suitability of current institutional arrangements and availability of instruments to guarantee financial stability, efficiency, effectiveness of monetary policy and achievement of sustainable economic growth in Nigeria considering the perception of the populace (Ajayi and Ojo, 2006). Over the course of history, different forms of payment systems ha... read more

The importance of managing the economy efficiently cannot be over emphasized. The monetary authorities, by controlling the supply of money, maintain price stability and influence economic activities especially when combined with appropriate fiscal measures (Friedman, 1999). The banking system remains the major channel for monetary control by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the monetary authorities in general. Unfortunately, it is estimated that about 65% of the cash in circulation in the N... read more

Mixed reactions have continued to trail the cashless policy introduced by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in January 2012. The implementation of the policy commenced in Lagos in 2012 but it was extended to the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Rivers, Kano, Ogun, Anambra and Abia states in July 2013. While some die-hard cynics describe the policy as just another economic jargon that may not be feasible, others say it will boost the country’s economic growth in line with global best practices.... read more

The most recent and significant development in the banking industry is the emergence of Islamic Banking System and Interest-Free Banks (IFBs) in Nigeria through the CBN guideline on non interest banking. This is in response to the failure of the conventional interest based banking system to cater for the developmental needs of the country which also apply to other developing economies (Ahmed, 2000). According to Adebayo (2010), many Muslims are not satisfied with the operation of the conventi... read more

Nigeria is once again on the roller caster of a new clinche “2010” with health care reform as one of the major pivots of the vision. The tremendous rate our medical personnel’s (Doctor and Nurses) travels out of the country for greener pasture has caused More harm to his country than good. The percentage of death rate as a result of treatment by in experienced Doctor and Nurses are numerous. Our intelligent and future hopes were deformed by one disease or the other be... read more

The capital market is a highly specialized and organized financial market and indeed essential agent of economic development because of its ability to facilitate and mobilize saving and investment. To a great extent, the positive relationship between capital accumulation real economic developments has long affirmed in economic theories (­­­Anyanwu, 1993). Success in capital accumulation and mobilization for development varies among nations, but it is largely dependent on domestic savings a... read more

Banks have been credited generally with enviable role of being a very important source of funds or capital for the development of the economy. This recognition largely emanates from the roles assumed by most banking institutions in mobilizing various deposits and channeling some towards feasible and viable ventures. This size, type and level of such profitable outlet along with other complimentary factors contribute to economy well being of the country in which the bank is situated. As a resu... read more

The stock exchange is a vital economic institution. The height of development the world has attained makes the stock exchange market services indispensable. The SEM is seen as a vehicle of fund mobilization and the development of local capital in Nigeria. It provides the facilities that make it possible for buyers and sellers to meet. Perhaps, An example of a stock exchange market is the Lagos stock exchange established in 1961 through the Act of parliament as a result of the need for a market f... read more

It is reasonable to admit that everything one does have a reason behind it. Therefore, it is good to mention here that there is a cogent reason and purpose for this research work. For this purpose the project seeks to identify the likely effects of lack of funding to the provision of adequate and quantitative education for the entire populace, more especially, the private sector. Therefore, it is necessary to relate the effect of funding on the performance of school infrastructural facilities... read more

I can remember a definition which I was forced to cram in my first year by Mrs. Helen Ibeabuchi she defined insurance as an economic path towards unlimited opportunities for financial growth and fulfillment in life through protection and security. Winston Churchill once referred to insurance as “ bringing the magic of averages to the rescue of million”. This magic is the outcome of voluntary economic co-operation by human beings. Before this was the working out of the law of average which te... read more

most developing countries like Nigeria which depend more on importation has been affected strongly due to the import restriction on the economy. For the fact that the standard of living of the economy is proportional to the rate of importation of goods into the country. One of the greatest impact of restricting importation in the country like Nigeria will be gradual declining of the standards of living. Which we known that its efficacy will result to many adverse effect such as increase the dea... read more

The banking system in Nigeria has undergone radical changes during the 35 years since independence . Banking developed from an industry which in 1960. was dominated by a small number of foreign owned banks into, one in which public sector ownership predominated in 1970s and 1980s and in which Nigeria private investors have played an increasingly important role since the mid 1989’s government polices had a major influence on developments in the banking industry. Extensive government intervent... read more

A financial institution is an organized body concerned with the management of money. This is to say that the institution is responsible for the leading and borrowing of money in other words, it is an institution involved in financial intermediation where money is mobilized and channeled from the public sailing (those who have surplus funds want to save to those who want to invest in productive activities. Some of the institution in Nigeria are commercial banks, stock exchange market, merchant ... read more