After –Sales service is that part of the sales person’s job, which provide or at least, offer service and information after sales has been made. On the other hand, after sales services could be defined practically as a service or help rendered to a customer when there is such a need for it or after the sale of a product or service, without price or payment in order to maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty. In personal selling it is being said that an effective sell... read more

The quest of achieve self sufficiency food production is one of the highest priority areas facing most of the world’s today. It is also a problem that threatens to worsen rapidly in the years immediately ahead. On the otherhand, problems relating to rural inaccessibility have continued to plogue the world, and in particular, Nigeria Agriculture, it is on this basis that the government and transport policy maker should intensify efforts to improve the transportation system espec... read more

Many years back, the seller oriented Market prevailed over the consumer’s did out weight the main products during this period the production concept of the marketing Philosophy was prevailing giving little or no attention to the consumer. The general difference was that the product would surely find a needy marketing no particular attention was paid to the product, packaging labeling, branding, modification and other features, qualities etc. As time went on more and mor... read more

From many years now, there have been poor logistics management in all aspect of our economy especially in the area of marketing in such a way that its effect has been a set back in the marketing sector. The work “logistic” has been a house hold name to a lot of people both undergraduates, graduates, researchers and mere especially people who are activity in the marketing industries. No marketing sector, organization or establishment can thrive without putting much consideratio... read more

The history of photography is as much story of technological development as of artistic concerns. The many routs which photography has followed in the last century have all been the result of experiment and innovation. Practical photography began in 1836 and modern photography evolved from a process devised by William Henry Fix Tallbot (1800 – 1877) who, in 1834 began experiments in sensitizing paper to light. Fix Tallbot in vented the first method for the easy production for ... read more

The Nigerian coco-cola bottling company first came to Nigeria in 1953 and established its first bottling plant in Lagos. This was to be the beginning of growth and development in 1956, two other plants were established in Kano and Jos respectively. The opening of the Ibadan plant followed in 1961, the next as that of Benin in 1970. Sources: Wikipedia com/Nigeria body company http/Google /2F%/cocoa-cola. The Enugu plant at 9the Mile corner Ngwo was established in 1975, in all, there are about ... read more

In ancient days as life started mankind began to nurse the need for basic necessities of life for physiological satisfaction as food, shelter, safety, among other things. At first man tried to provide the necessary things to satisfy his needs to engaging in hunting, fishing, and some selected cultivation and planting of food crops and frund shelter among trees, shades as well as applying plants leaves to cover his nakedness.

In the world of marketing in the recent time, it is not enough to produce a product, package it attractively, price it right, effectively distribute and display it to adequately meet the need of the consumers. The company must also let the people know about the existence of the product; the company must communicate the product to its target audience. This involves giving information about the product existence, features, and benefits and how it can be obtained by it target markets. E... read more

It is a common belief that advertising is as old as human history, yet as a promotional tool, it started with the development of commerce. “In the early days, advertising was practiced in different forms at different parts of the world”, according to Samson (1981 : 180). He maintained that “there were small stone printing stamps which were used by the “Quacks of Roman times’ to impress on surface of their solves. During these period, there are different Era of advertising which i... read more

The world is a global village. It is due to the global state of the world that bedsore became such an organic economic activity armed at producing goods and services. In this light of this organic nature of business, it constantly changes with improvement is science and technology. Business men and women have seen the need to also change their mode of carrying out business activities in order to keep abreast with the current practice and to effectively face the constant and new challenges e... read more

It is a pure economic fact that man cannot live by Gross National Product GNP only. The premise of the above statement is that GNP per see measures the affluence of a nation but not indication of wealth appropriation among the citizenry. It does not show the level of socio-economic welfare of the not does it represent the effect of the population or other factors on the economy of a nation. Population can be a fountain of joy as well as source of agony and distress for a nation.... read more

The establishment of business including cosmetics industry requires that the firms make key decisions. These decisions affect the total marketing programmes of the firm, simply out the marketing strategy. However, one of the vital area of such decision. Which demands proper attention is the promotional strategies of cosmetics industry must initiate promotional policies and programmes to inform, persuade and educate its target audience of the existence of the organization and their products. ... read more

Bank as a financial institution is primarily concerned with the mobilization of savings and the profitable application of funds. According to Ogbu Andrew C. one of the bank official, in an interview help with him at U.B.A Bank on march 15 2009 He sad that the major object of U.B.A bank is the number of customers and the credibility of U.B.A. bank, is based on its ability to attract a sizeable proportion of the customer found. (Ogbu Andrew C.). Referring to Uchenna E.O. (199... read more

This study practically involves the investigation of marketing mix (product, price, promotion, and place) in the accomplishment of organizational objectives. There are numerous definitions of marketing written by various marketing fanatics and practitioners around the globe. As a result, students, lecturers, and marketing practitioners believe so much on whatever tool or monographs they could lay their hands on that relates to marketing. Marketing administration itself takes a manageri... read more

As a researcher, I should be able to X-ray the important of Courier service in customer’s delivery. Here the research will be interested in the marketing of courier service in delivery service, to observe that the major problem facing the industry is the infrastruction by the government, Bad road in service delivery. It is expected that at the end of his study he/she will be able to discover the ways and means through which “TNT/IAS and other courier services should deliver an effective an... read more

Perhaps the most distinction skill of professional marketing is their ability to create, maintain, protect and enhance brands. Marketers say, “Branding is the art and cornerstones of marketing”. The American Marketing Association define branding as a name, term, sign, symbol or design or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers. In essence, a brand identifies the seller or maker. It can be a name, trademark or other s... read more

We all believe in communication we also say that any management which endorses good communications in house and externally in enlightened. Why anyone should be regarded as enlightened in simply propagating and explaining their own policy or point of view escapes the researcher. As Henry Tames put it “it must be part less to work in the dark, or pursuing a relentless chche- hidden train of thought to made you light under a bush”. Public relation as one of the making promotional t... read more

Many business forms are struggling hard to know who buys and consumers their products, where they are located, how they buy, when, from whom else they buy and why and equally why people do not buy a particular product from certain persons, organizations and shares. Despite of all the marketing strategies applied by such forms to attract these consumers. The centre point of all the daily activities of all business organization is an individual, he purchases and makes use of the product (goods a... read more

Communication is fundamental to the existence of every individual, group or organization. It is so vital that without it no individual, group, product or organization can succeed. To my mind communication exists as a major indispensable human need because people need to communicate with others in order to share information, ideas, experience and feelings. Communication can be viewed from different perspective and like many etymologies, has the ramification and connotations. It ... read more

There is a saying that “No man is an Island” This means that no human being can live and survive by himself or herself without depending on his/her fellow human being. In essence to survive in the world required adherent to the principle of give and take. This same notion led to the believe that no nation can exist on its own and by itself without it having to interact with other nations in the world. No nation can adequately and effectively provide all its needs. This it has ... read more