CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Social adjustment and economic activities also centers around the family background in which each individual has his own part to play. The family as a social institution is governed by social norms. The family is a primary unit in every society (Njama-Abang 2006). Procreation and mating behaviour of individuals are regulated mainly through the family institution. The family background is also responsible for the care, protection, socialization and education of the child (Denga, 2006). Later education is by the society and the school. The family is not just meant for procreation but it enhances the learning of values, attitude, knowledge, skills and techniques of a given culture (Wattesubeag, 1973, Eyo, 2002 and Christian, 2005). Christian (2005) opines that in the family, individuals are closely bound to each other, both because of blood or marriage, and because of living together. By this, individuals in the family exert some positive negative influence on each other. Similarly, Kalu (2005) suggested that it may not be an over statement to say that family background influences individual social adjustment. This is to say that the family background where the adolescent student has dual effect or influence on the social development. Today, our country is being infiltrated by a slew of antisocial and unsocial activities, centered on topics that are critical to the very foundations of life, such as socialization and coexistence. Despite the efforts of the then-Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Lt. Gen. On this social ill, General Olusegun Obasanjo, General Buhari, and General Idiagbon, who launched the War Against Indiscipline Campaign in 1984 to restore moral rectitude and modest living to the populace, the media reports that not a day goes by without news of armed robbery, arson, promiscuity, violent demonstrations, delinquencies, examination malpractices, and students unrest, even militancy. Thousands of crimes and acts of indiscipline are attributed to our young and teenage children (Imaobong, 2002). Many psychologists define social adjustment as the capacity to adapt to social activities, cope with established norms of behavior, master obstacles to engage with one's surroundings and build good conscience, and deal effectively with conflict,anxiety and discord (Kalu, 2008; Delvega and Juada, 1998; Ozoemena, 2002). Antisocial behavior is prevalent among secondary school students (11 -18 years) , according to a research by Kalu (2008). These types of maladjusted adolescents have a hard time getting along with their classmates, family members, friends, peers, and school instructors. Some may engage in self-destruction, while others may display aggressive tendencies, hostility, deviancy, and drug misuse. Some secondary school pupils have evolved to see premarital sexual activity as the individuals' private personal concerns and no one else's business (Akpan 1975; Kalu 2008). Several disciplinary measures by the school and government to halt these antisocial acts among kids have failed (Kalu, 2008 and Eyo, 2002).
Statement of the problem
Antisocial activities/behaviors are still being repeated by our sons and daughters in the twenty-first century, which is discouraging. According to Nigerian media reports, scarcely a day goes by when there is no news. Armed robbery, arson, promiscuity, violent demonstrations, delinquency, test malpractices, and student discontent are only some of the crimes that have been reported (Attoe, 1999; Imaobong, 2002). These chronic illnesses need immediate intervention to prevent our states and country from collapsing. Despite the government of Nigeria's attempts three decades ago to reestablish moral rectitude and modest living in our society, the exercise proved futile (Kalu, 2008 &Imaobong, 2002).In an environment where families, schools, and indeed the broader community are afflicted and ripped apart by corruption, the practice was futile (Kalu, 2008 &Imaobong, 2002). Parents, teachers, students, and the government have all been concerned about discovering the root cause of the issue and taking suitable actions to deal with them/it. As a result, the primary emphasis of this research is on the effects of parental history on teenage students' social adjustment.
Objective of the study
The following are the primary objective of this study
1. To determine the influence of family type on students' social adjustment of adolescent
2. To assess if family structure influences social adjustment of adolescent students.
3. To investigate if family size influences social adjustment of adolescent students
Research questions
1. How does family type influence student’s social adjustment?
2. What influence has family structure on student’s social adjustment?
2. How does family size influence student’s social adjustment?
Significance of the study
The study will be of great benefit to the parents, students, teachers, educational planner, policy makers, counselors, psychologists, religious bodies and future researchers. This is because the data might indicate the true reasons of antisocial behavior in pupils, as well as how to address it. The importance of family background in teenage socialization would be discussed with the parents. Teachers would find the findings of this study to be very useful since they would provide techniques for assisting pupils in optimal social development.
Scope of the study
The research covers only secondary school students' family backgrounds, family structure, family size, and parental attitudes on their children's social adjustment. Only JSS 1-3 students were included in the research. It is expected that they began secondary school in early adolescence and that the student can group and cope with the instrument's demands on family backgrounds and social adjustment. The southern senatorial district of Kaduna state is the sample respondent of this research.
Limitation of the study
Finance, lack of research material and time factor were challenges the researcher encountered during the course of this study
Definition of terms
Adolescent: This is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of maturity)
Social Adjustment: Social adjustment is an effort made by an individual to cope with standards, values and needs of a society in order to be accepted. It can be defined as a psychological process. It involves coping with new standard and value.
References
1. Paulina, A. , Aniebietabasi, A (2018) Influence of Family Background on Social Adjustment of Adolescent Students of Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education. 2349-0381.
2. Adedibu, O. (1986). Relationship between family background and Nigerian adolescents attitude to more norms in realities to and challenges of Nigeria education system, Education Studies Association of Nigeria, 11, 24-26.
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