CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A child is born in a definite family setup. The home environment is important in developing the personality of the child. There is a face-to-face interaction in the family which determines the character and personality make-up of the child. Parents-child home training patterns may influence children’s social competence. Baumrind (1980) found that parenting styles fall into three main categories. Authoritarian parents, permissive parents and authoritative parents. Authoritarian parents are rigid and punitive and value unquestioning obedience from their children. They have very strict standards and discourage expressions of disagreement. Permissive parents give their children law or inconsistent direction and, although warm, require little of them.Authoritative parents are firm, setting limits for their children. As the children get older, these parents try to reason with and explain things to them. They also set clear goals and encourage their children’s independence. The three kinds of parenting patterns are associated with very different kinds of behaviour in children. Children of authoritarian parents tend to be unsociable, unfriendly, timid , and relatively withdrawn. In contrast, permissible parent’s children are immature, moody and dependent and have low self-control. The children of authoritative parents fare best in that their social skills are high, they are likeable, self- reliant, independent and cooperative (Feldman 1997). However, a child’s upbringing is a consequence of the childrearing philosophy, the specific practices they employ, and the nature of their own and child’s personality. Denga and Denga (1998) opined that the way parents bring up their children can influence their adult behaviours including cultism. Children who are not shown love by their parents will show no love to other people. Children who place a high premium on aggression may perceive aggressive tendencies as the societal norms. They may think of violence as the status quo and one of the ways they can impress their parents who encourage aggressiveness. Children who have never enjoyed freedom at home may even be afraid of freedom which tertiary educational institutions offer. They are most likely to mismanage the limited freedom they have. Children who are never encouraged to enjoy happiness may even work hard to replace happiness with sorrow. Children who are perpetually suppressed at home and feel like a servant may quickly look for a group of weak students to constitute an empire over which they can terrorize just like their parents lord over them at home. Disciplined children will try to remain disciplined even when the parent figure is not visible. Consequently, children who came from hostile and uncaring families are more ready to join the secret cult than those who come from loving and caring homes. Children tend to return love toparents by obeying them. If parents teach, discipline and love their children, it will be easier for such children to refrain from vices which parents condemn. Children who are always in conflict with parents may deliberately join cults in order to annoy their parents. Hence this study aims at examining the effect of home training pattern on the attitudes of undergraduates towards cultism.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
the way parents bring up their children can influence their adult behaviours however, Children who are not shown love by their parents will show no love to other people also many parent are not really living up to their responsibility ,leaving the children to fare by themselves, children cannot approach their parent because they feel they will be harsh on them instead, they look up to their peers for advice,and when these advise are given they accept it. this has led so many undergraduates to jail house and even led to the death of many. Because of the negative impact training pattern have on many children the society is facing the full wrath as they are known to be involved in so many societal ills.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
l To find out the effect of home training pattern on student attitude towards cultism
l To find out if there is a significant relationship between home training pattern and students attitude towards cultism
l To find probable solution to student attitude towards cultism
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis are formulated to guilds this study
H01:There is no effect of home training pattern on students’ attitude towards cultism.
H02:There is no significant relationship between home training pattern and students’ attitude towards cultism
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.
The findings of this research work will undoubtedly provide the much needed information to government organizations, manufacturing companys, individuals, and academia
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study intends to examine home training patterns an examination of its effect on the attitude of undergraduates towards cultism.. Hence this study is delimited to students and lecturers of university of port Harcourt in Rivers state state and as such, will be used as our case study
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study was constrained by a number of factors which are as follows:
Financial constraint is inevitable considering the present economic situations. Due to lack of finance at the researchers disposal to get materials and in printing of questionnaires. it was not possible to visit some of the police stations and some of the victims of corruption.
In developing countries like Nigeria, there is the problem of insufficient data.
Time factor: time factor pose another constraint since having to shuttle between writing of the research and also engaging in other academic work making it uneasy for the researcher
1.8 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Training: this is the action of teaching a person or animal a particular skill or type of behaviour.
Pattern: this is a repeated decorative design
Examination: this is a detailed inspection or study
Effect: this is a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.
Attitude: this is a settled way of thinking or feeling about something.
Undergraduate: this is a university student who has not yet taken a first degree
Cultism: this is a devotion to the doctrine or a cult or to the practices of a cult. devotion - commitment to some purpose.
REFERENCES
Baumrind D 1980. Current patterns of parental authority. Development Psychology Monographs, 4: 1-2. Baumrind D 1980. Current patterns of parental authority.Development Psychology Monographs, 4: 1-2.
Burgess EW, Locke HJ 1993. The Family Institution to Companionship. USA: American Book. Burgess EW, Locke HJ 1993. The Family Institution to
Companionship. USA: American Book.
Feldman RS 1997. Essentials of Understanding Psychology. New York: McGraw HillFeldman RS 1997. Essentials of Understanding Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill
Denga DI, Denga HM 1998. Educational Malpractice and
Cultism in Nigeria. Calabar: Rapid Educational Publishers.
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