A SURVEY ANALYSIS ON THE CAUSES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF CORONAVIRUS IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background To The Study
COVID-19 is an associate of the Nidovirales sequence, which includes the Roniviridae, Arteriviridae, and Coronaviridae relatives. The Coronviridae family is divided into two subclasses: the Torovirinae and the Coronavirinae(Viruleg, 2020). Coronavirinae is further subdivided into alpha, beta, gamma, and delta viruses. The classification of distinct viral subgroups is accounted for via phylogenetic clustering(Altieri, 2020). It is possible to isolate it from a variety of animal species. The first incidence of coronavirus was reported in 1960, and in 2001, Canadian researchers detected roughly 500 people as having a flu-like system, with 17 to 18 cases being verified as being infected with coronavirus by polymerase chain reaction. Cattle, birds, and creatures such as bats, camels, masked palm civets, dogs, mice, and cats are among them(Altieri, 2020).
In 2003, numerous reports were published on the spread of the coronavirus in several countries, such as Hong Kong, the United States, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, and Taiwan, and there were several cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the coronavirus, and their mortality was more than 1000 patients(Impey, 2020). Another research report in Hong Kong verified 50 individuals suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome, while 30 of them were confirmed as having coronavirus infection. Hubei Province, People's Republic of China (PRC), reported a case of unexplained pneumonia in Wuhan (China) in late December 2019(Impey, 2020). Their clinical characteristics were remarkably similar to those of viral pneumonia. After investigation of respiratory samples, the Centre for Illness Control expert determined that the pneumonia, subsequently identified as a new virus and formally termed the disease COVID-19, was proclaimed by the World Health Organization (Brown, 2021). The Huanan wholesale seafood market, which also dealt in live animals, exposed the early patients in a similar way. China notified the WHO of the epidemic on December 31st. As a result, the Huanan seafood market was closed. Separate samples from the Huanan sea food market were tested for the diagnosis of this disease, revealing that the virus originated there(Dinh, 2020). The number of cases began growing rapidly, some of which did not have exposure to the live animal market, indicative of the fact that human-to-human transmission was happening.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
Coronavirus syndrome spreads mostly through contact with an infected person when they cough or sneeze. It also spreads when a person contacts a surface or anything that has the virus on it, then touches their eyes, nose, or mouth(Dinh, 2020).
Rural people in West Africa are at danger of coronavirus because of closeness to animal reservoirs, open construction of African communities, the practice of drying grains on road sides or outside dwellings, and unsecured grain storage within households. All these variables are known to favor greater rodent-human interaction or contamination of food sources by diseased rat secretions(Ahmad, 2020).
For a highly contagious disease with symptoms and indications that are comparable to other endemic diseases, the promotion of awareness amongst community members is especially crucial in endemic areas. Most patients infected with the COVID-19 virus will develop mild to severe respiratory disease and recover without requiring special treatment(Sharma, 2020). Older adults and those with underlying medical conditions such cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease, and cancer are more prone to acquire severe illness.
The greatest method to avoid and slow down transmission is to be thoroughly informed on the COVID-19 virus, the sickness it causes, and how it spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol-based rub often and without touching your face(Sharma, 2020).
The COVID-19 virus transmits mostly by droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, therefore it’s crucial that you also maintain respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow) (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow)(Mafenya, 2020).
At this moment, there are no particular vaccinations or therapies for COVID-19. However, there are several active clinical trials testing possible therapies.
This study, therefore, set out to experimentally explore the causes and prevention of COVID-19 at university of Lagos State. Information acquired from this study will serve as a platform for enlightenment of the school and community about the causes, routes of transmission, and more significantly, prevention of the disease.
1.3 Objectives Of The Study
Generally, this study is set to ascertain the causes and preventive measures of Corvid-19 in university of Lagos State. However, the study will specifically;
1. Ascertain the extent of students awareness of Covid-19 in university of Lagos State.
2. Identify the mode of transmission and symptoms of Covid-19.
3. Determine whether students have adequate knowledge about the symptoms of Covid-19.
4. Determine are the the prevention measures of Covid-19 implemented in the university of Lagos State.
1.4 Research Questions
The study attempt to answer the following research questions
1) What is the extent of students’ awareness of Covid-19 in university of Lagos State.
2) What is the mode of transmission and symptoms of Covid-19?
3) Does students have adequate knowledge about the symptoms of Covid-19?
4) What are the the prevention measures of Covid-19 implemented in the university of Lagos State?
1.5 Significance of The Study
The COVID-19 virus affects different people in different ways. COVID-19 is a respiratory disease and most infected people will develop mild to moderate symptoms and recover without requiring special treatment. People who have underlying medical conditions and those over 60 years old have a higher risk of developing severe disease and death.
This study will impact the knowledge of causes, transmission, risk factors, symptoms and prevention of coronavirus among students and school heads and the factors associated with knowledge of coronavirus.
Additionally, subsequent researchers will use it as literature review. This means that, other students who may decide to conduct studies in this area will have the opportunity to use this study as available literature that can be subjected to critical review. Invariably, the result of the study contributes immensely to the body of academic knowledge with regards to the causes and preventive measures of Corvid-19 in university of Lagos State.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study will ascertain the causes and preventive measures of Corvid-19 in university of Lagos State. The study therefore will precisely ascertain the extent of students awareness of Covid-19 in university of Lagos State, identify the mode of transmission and symptoms of Covid-19, determine whether students have adequate knowledge about the symptoms of Covid-19, and determine are the the prevention measures of Covid-19 implemented in the university of Lagos State. Hence, the respondents for this study will be obtained from the students of University of Lagos State.
1.7 Limitation Of The Study
Like in every human endeavour, the researcher encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. More so, the researcher simultaneously engaged in this study with other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.
1.8 Definition Of Terms
COVID-19: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as illness caused by a novel corona virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; formerly called 2019-CoV), which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
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