CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Many people think of industry as the industrial-scale production of products on a large scale in well-organized plants with a high level of automation and specialization. While agriculture is a typical example of industry, it may also include other commercial activities that include products and services, such as transportation, lodging, and a variety of others. For a greater understanding of the various forms of industry and to make it easier to research, it can be divided into different divisions or tiers. About the fact that many school textbooks only mention three tiers, more specialized books divide industry into five categories. Each level's name is derived from Latin words that correspond to the numbers one through five.

l  Primary (first):primary industries are those that harvest or manufacture raw materials that can be used to make useful products. Mining, forestry, and fisheries are also examples of raw material extraction. Agriculture is often classified as a primary industry because it provides "raw products" that must be processed before being used by humans.

l  Secondary (second): secondary enterprises transform raw materials into useful goods through refining and manufacturing. Secondary sectors include bakeries that turn wheat into bread and manufacturers that turn metals and plastics into cars. The expression "value added" is often used to describe refined and manufactured goods because the transformation from a raw material to a functional commodity increases the item's worth.

l  Tertiary (third) industries: Tertiary industries offer critical services and support to allow other levels of industry to operate. Transportation, banking, utilities, education, shopping, healthcare, medical, and other facilities are all included in this level, which is also known as service industries. This facilities are often referred to as "spin-off" businesses because primary and secondary stages of industry cannot exist without them. To sustain the main industry in coal, much of the city of Thompson is made up of tertiary or service sectors.

l  Quaternary (fourth): Quaternary industries are those that create and maintain the environment,Knowledge conversion, including testing and teaching. This stage, also known as information industries, has seen rapid growth as a result of technological advances and the electronic display and dissemination of information.

l  Quinary (fifth): Quinary industries are those that have influence over the manufacturing process and the decision-making procedures of the government This degree covers the business world, executives, managers, bureaucrats, and public officials of the the nation at this step, policies and regulations are created and applied.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Occupational safety and health (OSH) has gained insufficient recognition and funding in Nigeria. As a consequence, OSH statutes and provisions are ineffective (Diugwu, Baba, & Egila, 2012), and Nigeria's OSH situation is dire (Diugwu et al., 2012; Okolie & Okoye, 2012). The collapsed OSH scheme in Nigeria, according to Diugwu et al. (2012), is due to inadequate constitutional OSH laws and requirements. It may also be argued that non-compliance with OSH legislation leads to the building industry's low OSH, which is marked by high injury and fatality rates.The lack of compliance with OSH regulations in Nigeria is shameful (Digwu et al., 2013; Idubor & Oisamoje, 2013; Okolie & Okoye, 2012), and as Nigeria's infrastructure develops, the number of people killed and property destroyed will rise. The fact that the Nigerian building sector is already excluded from the current Factories Act of 1990 (Diugwu et al., 2012; Idoro, 2008) does not support compliance, considering the fact that its employees are more likely to be killed at work than workers in other sectors (Diugwu et al., 2012; Idoro, 2008). (Odeyinka, Davison, & Olomolaiye, 2005).As a result, it is critical to look into the problems that dictate compliance with OSH laws, as strict adherence would boost OSH. While adherence to OSH regulations is not a stand-alone approach to the necessary phase of improving OSH, it is an important part of the process. Despite the impact of contextual concerns on OSH and the statement by Odeyinka et al. (2005) above, there appears to be no literature on compliance with OSH regulations in the Nigerian construction industry.

In light of Idubor and Oisamoje's assertions, it is clear that multinational companies are capable of providing vital financial infrastructure for economic and social growth, as well as much-needed OSH legislation, to developing countries like Nigeria. These institutions, on the other hand, can carry with them relaxed standards of ethical behavior that serve to dilute the regulations of developed countries rather than providing the essential enforcement support that ensures improved OSH in organizations.Multinational firms should promote their credibility through good OSH policies rather than cutting corners in countries with less stringent OSH regimes, given that consumer perceptions of organizations should contribute to their market competitiveness. Indeed, Nzuve and Lawrence (2012) argue that non-compliance with OSH regulations also represents an organization's appearance and bottom line, all of which must be protected; Jacobi (2012) agrees, arguing that an organization's reputation determines the degree of compliance with OSH regulations.

1.3       OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

I.         To assess the compliance level of manufacturing industries to OHS.

II.      To assess the benefits of occupational safety and health awareness and policies in the production sectors.

III.   To determine how regularly companies workers check their health status.

1.4       RESEARCH QUESTIONS 

I.         To what percentage is  the level of compliance?

II.      What are the advantages of occupational safety and health awareness in the production sector?

III.   How often do companies staff check their health status?

1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research will be useful to manufacturing companies to learn of the importance of occupational safety and health. Furthermore, the research would be beneficial to students and researchers who would do similar research.

1.7       LIMITATION OF STUDY

The study's scope was reduced due to a shortage of funding, a lack of research materials, and a time constraint.

1.8       DEFINITION OF TERMS

HEALTH SAFETY: health safety are regulations and policies aimed at preventing accidents and injuries in the workplace and in public spaces 

MANUFACTURING COMPANY:A manufacturing company is a company that uses raw materials, parts, and components to assemble finished goods.

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