The early 1980s drove home a truth which had been emerging in the 1970s that the world economy was becoming increasingly unstable. The combined effects of the second oil shock, an associated recession in OECD countries, a prolonged slump in real commodity prices, the outbreak of debt crisis with all its consequences for developing economies access to world saving and the erosion by non-tariff barriers of previous trade liberalization put the balance of payment of many developing countries under ... read more

With the environment of domestic and foreign policies narrowing towards a common international economic order induced globalization, foreign direct investment and now represent a major form of cross border resources flow among countries. More than before, more firms, in numerous industries and in many countries are expanding abroad through foreign direct investment (either private or portfolio). The magnitude of foreign direct investment (FDI) with the past few years has compelled discussions as... read more

The inefficient utilization of resources and financial mismanagement of most of the public enterprises over the years has resulted in a very weak balance sheet, excessive debt and in most cases negative network. Furthermore, the fact that this indolent performance of the state in the administration of public business enterprises creates a solution in which national fund that would have been better spent to guarantee new economic activity and employment opportunities for the army of unemplo... read more

Globalization remain one of most controversial issue of our time, its implications range from trade and investment flow interest economist, to the ease with which we take to people all over the would, ease of travel, the ease with which we can see and hear view and event, around the would. The most striking aspect of globalization has been the growing interdependence of countries resulting from their increased economic integration via trade, foreign investment, foreign and international integrat... read more

Manufacturing sector plays a catalytic role in a modern economy and has many dynamic benefits crucial for economic transformation. In typical advanced countries, the manufacturing sector is leading, sector in many respects. It is an avenue for increasing productivity related to import replacement and export expansion, creating foreign exchange earning capacity; and raising employment and per capital income which causes unique consumption patterns. Furthermore, it creates investment capital at a ... read more

It has been proved by various countries (especially developing countries) that government expenditure in one way or the other has contributed a large quota on economic growth and development. Thus, government expenditure is the sole duty or responsibility of any country practicing mixed or socialist economic system. Crude oil is a publicly traded commodity, its price is determined in the commodity market through the interaction of demand and supply worldwide and it constantly fluctuates. Chan... read more

This work is based on the appraisal of budget deficit and current account balance in the Nigeria economy between the periods of 1986-2010. The broad objectives of the study isto examine the impact of budget deficit and current account balance in the Nigeria economy, trend of budget deficit and current account balance and also the impact of selected macroeconomic variables on the current account. The potency of budget deficit in improving current account balance in Nigeria need to be emphasized u... read more

Since exportation has a special share in the economic growth of many advanced and developing countries; as far as making those countries as the strongest countries, the effective factors; in turn, could pave way for progress of countries, particularly the developing countries. Since increase or decrease in currency exchange rate leads to the decrease or increase in export. Nigeria is endowed with various kinds of resources needed to place her amongst the top emerging economies of the World. U... read more

Industrial financing organizations have undergone a structural transformation during the last three decades in most developing countries. In this process of transformation, industrial development banks have emerged as catalytic agent of industrial and economic growth. This work is aimed at examining the contribution of the Bank of Industry (BOI) to the industrial development of Nigeria. Industrialization is regarded by the government as a sine qua non for National effort to achieve the degree of... read more

In Nigeria today, poverty has become a major problem facing the country. The question has been asked, how can this problem of poverty, which is effecting our economy be alleviated. Several government bodies have been set up to find solution to that. However, it is important to find out what poverty is all about and the meaning of cooperative by different scholars, and merge the two together for us to have a clearer of the purpose of this study. According to Oxford dictionary, poverty is a sta... read more

This study had the objective of assessing the role of gender in cooperative development, analyzing the socio-economic profile of the cooperators on the basis of gender, assessing gender contributions to cooperative development in terms of membership, organizational and leadership structures, examining technical efficiency and factors hindering the implementation of gender sensitive program and activities in Awka North Local Government Ar... read more

One of the greatest challenges facing the Nigeria economy is unemployment which has maintained a rising trend over the years. The total labour force in Nigeria is made up of all persons aged 15-64 years excluding students, home keepers, retired persons and stay-at-home to work or not interested. Unemployment in Nigeria is defined as the proportion of labour force that was available for work but did not work in the week proceeding the survey period for at least 39hours. Official figures from the ... read more

Nigeria is a major of crude oil and importance or of this commodity has been highly manifested in the nation’s economy. Starting from the early 70’s, the petroleum industry has become the dominant industry in the economy following quickly after the agriculture the dominant industry before the discovery of crude oil. It has dictated the pace of economic, political, social and cultural progress in the country.

Foreign exchange is the means of payment for international transaction. It is made up of convertible currencies that are generally accepted for the settlement of international trade and other external obligation. Just like every other commodity, a market is established which works more like any other market having a supply curve, a demand curve and an equilibrium price and quantity. There are also conditions which are held constant (creteris paribus). When these conditions change, the curve shif... read more

Investment according to Bierman et al (1975) is the commitment of funds in any real property financial assets with the primary objective of obtaining an income over time. It is a commitment of resources made in anticipation of realizing benefits that are anticipated to accrue to the investor over a reasonable long period in the future. By its very nature, an investment decision is essentially an irreversible commitment and it cannot be altered without some costs or loss. Another feature is th... read more

Nigeria still presents a clear reflection of the third world economy in which the growing economy has some working machinery, monetary and fiscal policies that aimed towards maintaining a balance in the entire economy so that growth and development, which is the ultimate goal of every economy, is realized. Generally, monetary policy refers to combination of measures designed to regulate the values, supply and cost of money in an economy in consonance with the level of economic activity.... read more

Increase in price level has always been compelling problem to both policy makers and the entire Nigerian citizenry. There is perhaps more debate on the question of prices than any other issue these days. This is not surprising since depending on which side of transaction an individual is on he/ she finds his welfare adversely or beneficially affected by a movement in one or more prices. The fact that price level leads to a fall in the standard of living, unpredictability of government policy act... read more

The world is in the midst of demographic explosion and unless the trend is arrested mankind is heading towards catastrophe, many people believed that it is a law of nature that all population at all time tend to go on expanding until they reach the limits of substance. Population traps as predicted by Rev. Thomas R. Malthus in 1789 states that man is heading towards self-destruction and also in 1998 according to Malthus in regard to the increase in population growth he argues that human being l... read more

Agriculture is concerned with the husbandry of crops and animals for food and other purposes. It is the foundation upon which the development of stable human communities, such as rural and urban communities has depended on in many parts of the world. The study of economic history provides us with ample evidence that an agricultural revolution is a fundamental pre-condition for economic development. The agricultural sector has the potentials to be the industrial and economic springboard from w... read more

Microfinance has emerged as an effective strategy for poverty reduction. Across developing countries (Nigeria for example) micro, small and medium enterprises are turning to microfinance institutions (MFIS) for an array of financial service-microfinance is acknowledged as one of the prime strategies to achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs)- access to sustainable financial service enable owners of micro enterprises to increase their capital base, build assets and reduce their vulnerabil... read more