Chapter one
Introduction
Background of the study
The Nigerian Police Force is primarily in charge of maintaining law and order in the country. Almost all of the other responsibilities mentioned in section 4 of the Police Act are based on this one, which is to uphold law and order. This role requires the police to force people to follow the Nigerian Constitution's established rules. However, the police must strike a balance between individual liberty and the ability to deter and detect violence and maintain law and order. In this way, the police give life to human rights, i.e., they make decisions that confirm or disregard individual human rights. Police officers are sworn to defend and represent the public.
The issues of public security are probably the most significant obstacles to Nigeria's democratic consolidation. The Nigeria Police Force has been at the forefront of handling and adapting to these issues since 1999. The wider state, culture, and economy would struggle to survive efficiently and maximally without an efficient police force. Rapid urbanisation, population growth, rising inequality, unemployment, mass migration, breakdown of older systems of social order, neighbouring weak states, and the opening of new economic arenas, which give rise to a huge range of criminal challenges including robbery, kidnapping, graft, theft, terrorism, sexual harassment, domestic violence, communal unrest, and political crime are all current problems for policing in Nigeria.The NPF is also significant on a global scale, since it is one of the world's largest employers and a significant presence in Nigerian society: if each of the force's approximately 377,000 officers has an average of four dependants, it means 1.88 million Nigerians belong to police families, which is more than the population of some of Nigeria's consulates.
While certain precolonial polities had police-style powers, modern policing started in the colonial period as a paramilitary system with no public oversight, which has influenced its legacy and status. Formal police forces expanded steadily to rural areas, where their coverage is now the lowest, from their origins as constabularies in new towns established by the British. Many other pre-existing community-based defense, justice, law enforcement, and conflict resolution concepts and organizations fought with the police for authority, and continue to do so. When the police department was centralized after the 1967-1970 civil war, local oversight was further hampered.r. Nearly 30 years of military rule also held back the development of policing by degrading the NPF’s capacity as an institution, leaving it weakened by the end of the 1990s.In Nigeria, public perceptions of police officers are mostly negative, as shown by polls and popular culture. Despite their reservations, Nigerians use the police on a regular basis, according to this report. We discovered a disparity in people's general opinions of cops and how they currently contact cops through specific routes and connections.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Criminal gangs or cult organisations, as well as their rituals, are one of the main issues that the police and communities in Rivers State are dealing with (Adiboye & Duru, 2016;Agbiboa, 2014; Nche, 2019). In the 1950s, what began as college fraternities turned into criminal operations. The pirates' confraternity established by Nigerian Nobel Laureate Professor Wole Soyinka at the University of Ibadan was the first confraternity on a Nigerian college campus, according to Owonikoko (2016). In the 1950s, confraternities on college campuses acted as a unified front to campaign for students' interests and concerns while also promoting African pride and solidarity.The proliferation of confraternities and the subsequent competition for dominance resulted from the establishment of more universities. External political pressures, resources, and the availability of small arms, according to Adiboye and Duru (2016) and Owonikoko (2016), fueled the fight for power among the different confraternities. The confraternities' relentless competition for dominance, as well as the brutality that accompanied it, drew the attention of university administrators and the police (Brittain, 2015). On college campuses, cult groups indulge in illegal activity such as assault, rape, arson, theft, and vandalism, according to Mediayanose (2016).The constant cult clashes on college campuses have disrupted school instructional schedules and developed an unlearning atmosphere (Okpechi, 2014;Uchenna, 2014). In order to curb the illegal activity of cult organisations, school officials have taken to suspending and expelling students accused of being involved in cult activities (Mediayanose, 2016). The government issued Decree 47 in 1989, outlawing all cult practices and raising the penalties for those found guilty of cult activity.Cult illegal activity took on a new level with the removal of students accused of cult activities from the societies. Cult organizations continue to proliferate on college campuses and in communities throughout Rivers State, against all attempts to suppress their activities. According to Owonikoko (2016), there are approximately 100 cult groups in Rivers State and throughout Nigeria. Kidnapping, weapon theft, assassinations, and extortion are only a few of the crimes committed by cults (Nche, 2019).Several scholars have looked into the issues that cults can cause. Agbiboa (2014) and Owonikoko (2016) conducted research on the subject of cult groups' abuse, terror, and vulnerability on college campuses and societies. Nche et al. (2019) investigated the impact of cult groups on economic disruption, educational quality loss, and social normative standards decline. However, there is no information into how police officers view cults and the risks they pose to public safety. This research would fill an awareness void about cult groups by examining police officers' perceptions about cult groups and the risks they pose to public safety.The police are the primary law enforcement body in charge of residents' protection and protection. Understanding the police's problems and achievements will aid in the development of strategies and the distribution of resources required to tackle cult crime activity. Understanding police perceptions and decision-making processes will help the public gain a better understanding of the police and their legitimacy. To combat the threat of cult groups, a collaborative relationship between the police, communities, and other stakeholders is essential.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
i. To know what measures that are put in place to eliminate crimes in tertiary institutions.
ii. To assess if cultism has a negative influence on students’ academics performance.
iii. To examine the impact of the Nigeria police force in solving crimes in tertiary institutions.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
I. What are the measure put in place to eliminate cultism in institutions?
II. What effect has cultism on the student’s academic performance?
III. Are the impact of the Nigeria police force on solving crimes in institution yielding positive results?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research would benefit individuals, teachers, parents or guardians, the educational system, and society in general. The findings would allow educational administrators to devise solutions for coping with issues that will aid in the elimination of cultism in universities.
It would also serve as bare–line data for prospective researchers who want to pursue similar projects.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study is basically centered in Cross Rivers University,Cross Rivers.
1.7 LIMITATION OF STUDY
The researcher had hoped to cover the entire state school, but due to time and financial constraints, the thesis was limited,some of the students who conducted the survey were extremely hesitant
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Crime: an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law.
Tertiary Institutions: tertiary institution means a university or other tertiary education provider recognised by the Employer which offers Degrees, Diplomas or teacher education courses.
Nigerian Police Force: The Nigeria Police is the principal law enforcement and the lead security agency in Nigeria with a staff strength of about 371,800.
REFERENCE
Alemika, E. 2009. National criminal victimisation and safety survey, 2009 summary of findings. Lagos, Nigeria: CLEEN Foundation.
Ajiboye, S., & Duru, I. (2016, June 18). The new face of kidnapping. The Nation. Retrieved from http://www.thenationonlineng.net/new-face-kidnapping/
Agbiboa, D. E. (2014). Transformational strategy or gilded pacification? Four years on The Niger Delta armed conflict and the DDR process of the Nigerian amnesty program. Journal of Asian African studies, 50(4), 387-411. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614530082 Agbiboa, D. E. (2013). Armed groups, arms proliferation, and the amnesty program in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Third World Studies, 30(2), 39-63. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=slh&AN=96 848231&site=eds-live&scope=site
Brittain, J. (2015). Ken Saro-Wiwa: A hero for our times. Race and Class, 56(3), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306396814556220
Mediayanose, O. E. (2016). Cultism and Education in Nigerian tertiary institutions: Policy implications. Journal of Public Administration, Finance & Law, (10), 42–54. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=a9h&AN=1 21086349&site=eds-live&scope=site
Nche, G. C., Wachukwu, C., Nwaoga, C. T., Mokwenye, E. M., Agwu, P., & Alagboso, D. I. (2019). “We Sleep with One Eye Open”: Exploring the experiences of churches in Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 54(8), 1262–1279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619865582
Owonikoko, B. S. (2016). From campuses to communities: Community-Based cultism and Local responses in the Niger-Delta Region, Nigeria. International Journal of Arts and Humanities. https://doi.org/10.4314/1jah.v5i4.6.
Uchenna, N. M. (2014). Secret Cult Menace in Nigeria within the Context of Social Structure and Political Economy: A Critical Analysis. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 9(2), 171–180. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=cja&AN=10 2142708&site=eds-live&scope=site
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