MANAGERIAL COMPETENCE AND TRAINING NEEDS OF POULTRY FARMERS IN NIGERIA
2.1 Meaning of Poultry
Poultry comes from the French /Norman word, (pullus), which means small animal, but in a more comprehensive form, it is seen as a category of domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of collecting their eggs or droppings, slaughtering them for their meat, and / or feathers. These are most typically members of the super order Galloanserac (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys ) and the family Anatidae (in the order Anseric forms), commonly known as water fowl†(e.g. domestic (ducks and domestic geese) poultry also includes other birds such as pigeons or doves which can also be slaughtered for their meat
Poultry in this part of the world can be regarded as an umbrella that covers a variety of birds such as chicken, turkey quail etc whose basic purpose of been kept is to convert feeds to meat and egg, which are of economic value to man.
Historically, the growth of poultry began as a result of the advantage it had over other livestock. These advantages include high protein level in human diet (flock, 1994), source of income to the owners, Nelson (1998), source of nutrients for land improvement Agboola, et al (1997) and employment generation for the unemployed, Ravi (1998). The poultry industry is one of the most popular livestock enterprises in the world today. Law and Payne (1996) stated that the world production of poultry meat represented 23.6% of all meat in 1992. North America had the highest production at 45.2kg per head. In USA chicken consumption alone overtook that of pork in 1986 and beef in 1988. Okunaiya (1986) fund that Nigeria had the largest poultry population in black Africa. According to him, poultry contributed highly to animal protein consumption and gross domestic product. Omonona and Oni (2004) maintained that poultry was one of the quickest ways for rapid increase in protein supply in the short run, and it also provides food, income, employment and industrial raw materials and manure for crop production.
2.2 Â Â Poultry Management
According to Ovwigho et al (2009), in virtually all rural areas, poultry production is carried out on small scale under the extensive or traditional and semi-intensive system. But the three major types of poultry management systems are namely extensive semi-intensive and intensive systems. Adegbola et al (1986) further classified the systems of poultry management in the tropics into traditional, free range, restricted range and intensive range systems.
The extensive system is also known as the free range system. According to willamson (1978), this system of poultry management exposes birds to predators and unfavorable weather conditions. B. O Ovwigho et al (2009) also commented that this system of poultry keeping had continued to thrive in the tropics in spite of the new technologies.
The intensive system of poultry keeping is the one that requires adequate and proper management of the birds by the poultry farmer. The poultry farmer houses the birds in a poultry house at a stocking density that is convenient for the birds. He provides them with adequate supply of foods and water in the right quantity and at the right time. He takes proper care of the poultry house and its environment to ensure a disease free environment and also provides the birds with the necessary vaccines at the necessary time. The above listed things being the routine activities in intensive system of poultry management makes it a little bit more demanding in terms of the needed attention and capital compared to others.
In extensive system, birds are given the freedom to run about and fend for themselves with little or no care given to them while in semi-intensive, the birds are sometimes allowed to roam in search of food, they have less attention of the poultry farmer compared to that of the intensive system and they are exposed to risk and harm.
According to Andrew (1986), Portmouth (1972) and Obinne (1986), Any poultry management system that is to be adopted depends on certain conditions in order to ensure a high level of productivity and profitability. It also depends on the kind of birds you are rearing. For Example a farmer producing layers, thinks of making use of either the caped layer production or floor production, both of which are under the intensive system of poultry management.
NOT THE TOPIC YOU ARE LOOKING FOR?
Once payment is made, kindly send us your project topic, email address and payment name to +234 810 144 4147
Once payment is confirmed, Project materials will be sent to your email
The study aims to enhance human resource-related issues and, in the end, to be a document that aids in the development of YEA and public-sector policies.
The information asymmetries that exist between the managers of banks and their shareholders create a problem in how their ownership structure influences their dividend policy. In respect to the above assertion, the findings of this study will critica...
The pressure from globalization has made manufacturing organization moving towards three major competitive arenas: quality, cost, and responsiveness. The process of production planning and control is central to the success of any manufacturing compan...
Insurance companies are legal entities that cover the financial impact of it that derives from the occurrence of certain unexpected insured events affecting the insured. They offer this benefit in exchange for payment of a predetermined amount of mon...
The role of planning and forecasting in business organization is a topic chosen from the business administration and management field. The research was conducted mainly to examine the positive and negatives effects of not making good use of plan...
This research was embarked upon to gain institute into growth of indigenous firms in Nigeria. This is specifically an attempt to investigate the impart of indigenous firms among others. The objective are not only to acquaint equitable growth for ...
Historically, Nigeria’s experience of taxation predates the colonial period. The Hausas of Northern Nigeria were paying taxes, though in kind, to the Emir in return for security and common services. However, with the advent of the colonialists, dir...
Small scale business constitute an important component of the Nigerian industrial sector. The importance of this sector cannot be over emphasized, especially in a typical developing country like ours where the level of youth unemployment is rising be...
Historically, Nigeria’s experience of taxation predates the colonial period. The Hausas of Northern Nigeria were paying taxes, though in kind, to the Emir in return for security and common services. However, with the advent of the colonialists, dir...
The political, economic and social development of any country depends on the amount of revenue generated for the provision of infrastructure in that given country. Taxes have the characteristic of being a common source of revenue to all countries. It...
Message Us on WhatsApp »
