The history of banking in Nigeria dates back to pre-independence period, the establishment of banks was motivated by the urge on the part of government to inculcate banking culture in the people and the desire of the people themselves to find the means of making financial intermediation easy, In the recent time between 1999 – 2004, a lot of techniques are used by bankers to facilitate customers services and customers satisfaction which has led to the introduction of the new products develop... read more

Every country in the world aim at achieving economic growth and development. This is only possible if a country has adequate sources. In developing countries especially those in sub-saharan Africa. The resources to finance the optimal level of economic growth and development are in short supply. Inflation, economic growth and interest rate concepts that are central and interrelated in Macro economic. A proper understanding of these concepts is therefore very necessary in order to ... read more

A study of this sort is necessary owing to certain serious problem confronting the economy of Nigeria. It has been evident that since the Nigerian Civil War ended in the year 1970. The problem of money supply and its effect on the area of unemployment have been an economic problem that is disturbing the economic growth and Development of the country. This problem has been of great concern to every Nigerian and the government of the country. Unemployment is generally an economic, social and... read more

The economic development of any nation is closely related tot he behaviour of individuals living in that country as regards how much to save and how much to consume from their earned income. From the national accounting point of view savings equals investment. It is also true that for a country where the inhabitants make a consistent effort to save a part of their disposable personal income, such a country will be economically viable that is ignoring the uncontrollable variables such as poli... read more

A financial institution is an organized body concerned with the management of money. This is to say that the institution is responsible for the leading and borrowing of money in other words, it is an institution involved in financial intermediation where money is mobilized and channeled from the public sailing (those who have surplus funds want to save to those who want to invest in productive activities. Some of the institution in Nigeria are commercial banks, stock exchange market, merchant ... read more

The banking system in Nigeria has undergone radical changes during the 35 years since independence . Banking developed from an industry which in 1960. was dominated by a small number of foreign owned banks into, one in which public sector ownership predominated in 1970s and 1980s and in which Nigeria private investors have played an increasingly important role since the mid 1989’s government polices had a major influence on developments in the banking industry. Extensive government intervent... read more

most developing countries like Nigeria which depend more on importation has been affected strongly due to the import restriction on the economy. For the fact that the standard of living of the economy is proportional to the rate of importation of goods into the country. One of the greatest impact of restricting importation in the country like Nigeria will be gradual declining of the standards of living. Which we known that its efficacy will result to many adverse effect such as increase the dea... read more

I can remember a definition which I was forced to cram in my first year by Mrs. Helen Ibeabuchi she defined insurance as an economic path towards unlimited opportunities for financial growth and fulfillment in life through protection and security. Winston Churchill once referred to insurance as “ bringing the magic of averages to the rescue of million”. This magic is the outcome of voluntary economic co-operation by human beings. Before this was the working out of the law of average which te... read more

It is reasonable to admit that everything one does have a reason behind it. Therefore, it is good to mention here that there is a cogent reason and purpose for this research work. For this purpose the project seeks to identify the likely effects of lack of funding to the provision of adequate and quantitative education for the entire populace, more especially, the private sector. Therefore, it is necessary to relate the effect of funding on the performance of school infrastructural facilities... read more

The stock exchange is a vital economic institution. The height of development the world has attained makes the stock exchange market services indispensable. The SEM is seen as a vehicle of fund mobilization and the development of local capital in Nigeria. It provides the facilities that make it possible for buyers and sellers to meet. Perhaps, An example of a stock exchange market is the Lagos stock exchange established in 1961 through the Act of parliament as a result of the need for a market f... read more

Banks have been credited generally with enviable role of being a very important source of funds or capital for the development of the economy. This recognition largely emanates from the roles assumed by most banking institutions in mobilizing various deposits and channeling some towards feasible and viable ventures. This size, type and level of such profitable outlet along with other complimentary factors contribute to economy well being of the country in which the bank is situated. As a resu... read more

The capital market is a highly specialized and organized financial market and indeed essential agent of economic development because of its ability to facilitate and mobilize saving and investment. To a great extent, the positive relationship between capital accumulation real economic developments has long affirmed in economic theories (­­­Anyanwu, 1993). Success in capital accumulation and mobilization for development varies among nations, but it is largely dependent on domestic savings a... read more

Nigeria is once again on the roller caster of a new clinche “2010” with health care reform as one of the major pivots of the vision. The tremendous rate our medical personnel’s (Doctor and Nurses) travels out of the country for greener pasture has caused More harm to his country than good. The percentage of death rate as a result of treatment by in experienced Doctor and Nurses are numerous. Our intelligent and future hopes were deformed by one disease or the other be... read more

The most recent and significant development in the banking industry is the emergence of Islamic Banking System and Interest-Free Banks (IFBs) in Nigeria through the CBN guideline on non interest banking. This is in response to the failure of the conventional interest based banking system to cater for the developmental needs of the country which also apply to other developing economies (Ahmed, 2000). According to Adebayo (2010), many Muslims are not satisfied with the operation of the conventi... read more

Mixed reactions have continued to trail the cashless policy introduced by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in January 2012. The implementation of the policy commenced in Lagos in 2012 but it was extended to the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Rivers, Kano, Ogun, Anambra and Abia states in July 2013. While some die-hard cynics describe the policy as just another economic jargon that may not be feasible, others say it will boost the country’s economic growth in line with global best practices.... read more

The importance of managing the economy efficiently cannot be over emphasized. The monetary authorities, by controlling the supply of money, maintain price stability and influence economic activities especially when combined with appropriate fiscal measures (Friedman, 1999). The banking system remains the major channel for monetary control by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the monetary authorities in general. Unfortunately, it is estimated that about 65% of the cash in circulation in the N... read more

The recent innovation of technology for financial transactions poses interesting questions for policy makers and financial institutions regarding the suitability of current institutional arrangements and availability of instruments to guarantee financial stability, efficiency, effectiveness of monetary policy and achievement of sustainable economic growth in Nigeria considering the perception of the populace (Ajayi and Ojo, 2006). Over the course of history, different forms of payment systems ha... read more

Customer satisfaction is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. Customer satisfaction is also defined as "the number of customers, or percentage of total customers, whose reported experience with a firm, its products or its services (ratings) exceeds specified satisfaction goals (Farris, Paul W et.al.2010). And yet another definition of customer satisfaction is it refers to the extent to which customers are happy with the products and/o... read more

Nigerian banks in the face of increasing competition are currently facing enormous challenges which have made survival increasingly difficult. To survive and be successful providers of financial services, it is extremely important that the present environment should go with a new management order which will offer the customer satisfaction and make better business performance. It is evident that today customers have increasingly become so enlightened and aware of their importance that ignoring th... read more

In Nigeria, the issue of financing active poor in both urban and rural areas through formal financial institutions is difficult (Ovia, 2007). Nigeria is facing various serious problems which are threats to the Nation economy (Anyanwu, 2004). According to National Financial Inclusion, in the provision of financial services, Nigeria lags behind many African countries. In 2010, 36% of adults – roughly 31 million out of an adult population of 85 million –were served by formal financial services.... read more