Exchange rate is the price of the unit of one country quotes in terms of another country’s currency i.e. it is the mathematical or quantitative expression of one country currency in terms of another’s. Exchange rate is a very vital price mechanism that directs the movement of other prices in the domestic economy and tries to equilibrate the balance of payment. It is also the variable which affects the economics activities in a country through the impact on investment, output and inflation... read more

Every organization set out to achieve one objective or two other such objectives are usually streamlined through the planning process. In planning process involves setting out objectives, examine the various ways of achieving them and directing on the best ways future it brings about the problem of budgeting. Consequently, every business organization employs the principle and concept of budgeting as a tool in order to attain management performance efficiency and effectiveness to achieve set o... read more

This research work was undertaken to assess the bank deposits and their impact on lending policies. This work was intended to achieve the following objectives: to apprise and determine the lending procedure of banks, to highlight the extent to which improper project evaluation influence bad debts of money. Deposit banks. Relevant data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaire was the main primary data collected instrument employed while data from various relevant publ... read more

According to frank wood and Allan songster (2002) business accounting is concerned with the quantitative expression of economic data? As a discipline it evolve from a need for a frame work of recording, classifying, summarizing, analyzing and communicating economic data. Financial management is a specialized area of accounting, which is concerned, with the effective and efficient management of financial resources of any organization. The survival of any firm depends on how well the financial ... read more

Insurance is a security device used by the inured to protect himself against a risk purchased from the insure and the right to be indemnified if the risk should materialize. The purchase price which the insured pays the insurer is known as the premium, often paid on monthly or annually basis and the insurer in return compensate the insured in event of loss. THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSURANCWE INDUSTRY IN Nigeria begins in 1950 during the colonial era period characterized by a market dominated by E... read more

In the immediate past decade and this present decade, there have been seminars, conferences, articles, Journals and various publications by both local, national and International Organizations on the sharp decline in Agricultural production on these various programmes, some of these workshops, conferences and seminars include the followings: - The 13th Annual workshop of the South – West Research Extension Farmers impute Linkage system (REFILS) helped at the Institute of... read more

There is no doubt among observers that Nigeria as a country is rich in humans and mineral resources (most of which still remain untapped) having an estimate population of about 140 million people. Prior to the advent of the oil boom in 1973/1974 agriculture was the main source if revenue generation of the country's economy, for example the famous land groundnut pyramids, cotton processing machines both in the northern part and cocoa in the southern part of Nigeria. Infact history will go down to... read more

This project work on commercial banks lending practices and incidence of Bad debt in Nigeria is a study carried out by the researcher, so as to evaluate and analyze the lending principles, problems and effects of Bade Debt in the operation of banks and also to the general Economy. A bank economic purpose is to act as a financial intermediary. It facilitates the process of challenge savings into investment and one of the avenues of realizing this objective is by lending effectively. Loans a... read more

According to annual report of the Central Bank of Nigeria, the Nigeria economy has performed less well in the 1980’s than the 1970’s. Much of the growth in both periods was based on performance of the oil sector. By 1970 oil output stood at 558 million barrels and increased to 823 million barrels by 1973. Between 1975 – 1985, oil output per day averaged between 1.8 and 2.3 million barrels respectively. With the dramatic rise in oil price in 1973 and 1974 oil came to account for 31.9% of gr... read more

It is universally acknowledged that the banking including play a catalytic role in t he process of economic growth and development. This acknowledgement is reinforced by contemporary conceptualism to the effect that banks are a veritable vehicle for mobilizing resources from su7plus units and tempting same to deficit unit. Banks constitute perhaps the most important segment of the financial market and played and a dominate vote in not mobilizing savings, but also allocating them for investment ... read more

The main aim of this research work is an attempt to verify the indiscriminate increase in the prices of commodities produced in this part of the country by manufacturing organization and companies. This continuous rise in prices has attracted the attention of many citizens, mostly those who have ignorant of the adverse effect of this continuous rise in the prices on the citizen and the country economy. This research paper will therefore aim at giving a comprehensive account of the control of... read more

Unemployment is an issue that has generated debates from every nook and cranny of the world. Its impact was more, felt during the industrial revolution when the dimension of man power absorption changed towards the consideration of skill as a fundamental pre-requisite. However, over the years, government around the world have been concerned with how the unemployment question could be answered – similarly, the Nigeria economy was characterized by severe unemployment, especially after the civil ... read more

Nigeria before and even since the British Colonialist of our country has been engaged in international trade. But it was obviously spelt out during the British Colonialist that was in the 15th century termed legitimate trade. This was until 1960 during which Nigeria got its independence. This means that, Nigeria was no longer controlled solely by the dictates of the British Government Ever since then legitimate trade to the Nigerian was changed to international trade of which Banks has a majo... read more

The role of the Nigeria Agricultural and co-operative Bank can not overemphasized. According to ugwuanyi (2002), there have been series of efforts. By the NACB in providing short, medium and long term finance to the Agricultural sector of the economy. This is aimed at making farmers to increase their problem, as well as adopting the mechanized system of farming. Anyanwu (1993) stated that it is also meant to encourage or create employment opportunity for the unemployed in the nation. However,... read more

Growth in neoclassical theory is brought about by increase in the quantity of factors of production in the efficiency of their allocation. In a simple world of two variables, labour and capital, it is often presumed that low income countries have abundant labour but lees capital. This situation of domestic savings in these countries places constraints on capital formation and hence growth. Even where domestic input in addition to labour are readily available and no problem of input supply, incre... read more

In recent decades, international trade in goods and financial services has become increasingly important. To facilitate such trade, many banking institution have also become international. Foreign exchange market (currency market) is a form of exchange for the global decentralized trading of international currencies. Financial centres around the world function as auchors of trading between a wide range of different types of buyers and sellers around the clock. The foreign exchange m... read more

The issue of bank distress has been a problem which financial institutions suffer must. The era of all for free banking in Nigeria brought which can be traced as of (1892) when banking started in Nigeria gave room for the establishment of many banks because there was little or no laws guiding banking business. Because the was no law or supervisions on establishment of banks, many banks were established without adequate capital requirement. Morestill, the era of Structural Adjustment ... read more

Human capital refers to investment in education and training. Recent surveys reveal that although business executives firmly believes that people are the most important asset that the organization can use to meet its goal, they are at a loss to prove that investment in people lead to improved business results. However, common metrics like Economic Value Added (EVA) and Return on Investment (ROI) shed little light on how organizations human assets are performing. Among the 4M’s namely: Mo... read more

The source of funds in an organization denotes the various ways in which cash inflows to operate the business is realized. The followings are some of the ways cash came into a business:- Through an increase in liability Through an increase in net worth Through a decrease in asset Through a net profit after tax Though sales of shares, preferred or common stock It also shows ways an extra money comes into the organization through consultancy services, borrowing in form of loan. ... read more

Failure as a word means to be unsuccessful in attempts at achieving any the objectives or aspirations. Another variance to the inability, refusal fault or weakness which prevent the achievement of any set objectives or aspiration. Both of these draw attention to the operative world” unsuccessful inability refusal fault and weakness “therefore bank failure is the inability of a bank to meet its objection to it customers, owners and the economy occasional by fault or weakness in its operati... read more