Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) also known as Female Genital Cutting (FGC), Female circumcision, or Female Genital Mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is defined by the World Health Organization (2007) as “all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organ for non-medical reasons. The practice of FGM is one of the most significant health and human right issues in the world (UNICEF 2005). According to Thorpe (2002) on his par... read more

English language is not an indigenous language to Nigeria, due to the fact, that Nigerians already have their own spoken language (mother tongue). Every Nigeria learning English language is usually faced with a complex language situation in his process language development. Besides having to master his own language and other indigenous language, he needs to have a good command of English as indispensable tool in his daily life in a changing world. Language is our greatest invention, w... read more

Each traditional African society knows its sexual marriage values, morals and educates the young ones to maintain those values. Those who hold firmly to the idea of traditional value in the society should bear in mind that there is no such thin in Africa today. It is expected that the people of Ovia-North East Local Government Area will find its disserved place in dealing with the issue of early pregnancy on the academic performance of female students. What have been said in recent years regardi... read more

Following the advent of Western Education in Nigeria through the missionary societies, primary schools, were locally managed by voluntary agencies with grant in aids from colonial government. Meanwhile conditions for the receipt of grants in and were served and these include adequate organization, aver5age daily attendance tone of the school, adequate and efficiency of teachers, suitability of building and equipment and good sanitation. During this time, the colonial government direct... read more

Supervision right from time immemorial has to improve the activities of teaching and learning in primary schools, during the colonial era, supervision provide the basis for high performance for primary schools which was accredited to regular and meaningful supervision in primary schools by inspectors. Primary schools being the foundation of learning and instruction is in dire need of supervision throughout the school year, no wonder people are saying of poor academic performance of people nowad... read more

Basic hygiene refers to practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases. It involves regular washing of body, washing the hands when necessary, cutting of nails, washing ones clothing, keeping the hair neat and brushing of teeth. School children are particularly vulnerable to neglect of basic personal hygiene (Enahoro and Orokj, 2006). The consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality are also more severe in them compared to adults. The increased burden of communicab... read more

Education is the key that opens other doors of development and its is the teachers that hold the key to the door of education. The importance of teachers in educational development of any cannot be overemphasized. According to the National Policy on Education (1981) states that “No educational system can rise above the quality of its teachers”. Teaching is one of the oldest profession in the world hence, everybody sees to engage in its because of the simple definition often given to it. ... read more

The new encyclopedia volume defined the term urbanization as the process by which a population becomes concentrated in city or urban places. The terms may sometimes refer to the consequences of living in urban places. On the other hand, infrastructural development may refer to the development of basic framework necessary for the successful operation of a system infrastructural development as it relates to education is the necessary infrastructural materials or basic framework required for effect... read more

There was no earlier times improvement in the medical field and the paucity of medical personnel within human communities, (especially in the under developing nation of the world) did not make for enhanced health care. This led to the hampered human resource reproduction. The phenomenal decline in death rate over the last three to four decades was not accompanied by a similar decline in the birth rate and hence increase in population become the trend. This manifested itself in an impressive grow... read more

The home is the primary institution for children, home as perceived by Abdulganiyu (1997), Christe (2009), defined home as a place in which an individual or a family can rest and store personal property. Haven defined the concept of home it is therefore important to define family. The family can therefore be looked at as a social group characterized by common resident, economic cooperation and production, when a child is born, the family is the first primary group with which they come into conta... read more

Audio and visual materials like radio, projector, chalkboard etc play a very important role in teaching/learning of social studies. These instructional materials came into existence when an exhibition was held in Austria. In the exhibition home schools from USA attended the exhibition where they displayed different forms of audio and visual materials even audio visual materials were also presented. Some of them were Radio, cassette, blackboard (wooden), Graph, Television, Charts and numerous pos... read more

Vocational/ technical education are among the vital tools an individual can use to be developed. It is a training for useful employment in trade, industries, agriculture, business and home making etc. the emphasis on vocation/technical; education is to prepare one for self reliance. American vocational association (1971) sees vocational subjects as those designed to develop skills, abilities, understanding, attitude, work habit and appreciation encompassing knowledge and information needed any w... read more

Continuous Assessment process is an important component of the National Policy on Education (FME, 2004). This system of assessment and evaluation is an innovation in the Nigerian educational system which has its genesis from the first national curriculum conference held in Ibadan in 1969. The outcome of that historic conference were published, a high powered committee consisting of educationist, university academics, civil servants, industrialist and intellectuals from various works of life was ... read more

Supervision right from time immemorial has to improve the activities of teaching and learning in primary schools, during the colonial era, supervision provide the basis for high performance for primary schools which was accredited to regular and meaningful supervision in primary schools by inspectors. Primary schools being the foundation of learning and instruction is in dire need of supervision throughout the school year, no wonder people are saying of poor academic performance of people nowad... read more

Educationally it is generally agreed that private schools have contributed positively to the academic performance of students in secondary schools. Presently, some elites seem not to agree that private schools are doing anything to encourage or enhance student’s performance. Some based their arguments on the falling standards of education in Nigeria. They claim that with the involvement of private individuals in running of schools, the standard of education has declined rapidly stressing that ... read more

Nigeria as a developing country needs people who are required for the political social and economic development of the country. This is necessary because Nigeria no longer need money bag citizens, rather she needs men and women and enough money for the peoples comfort. In order to achieve this, school or formal education for all in Nigeria is mandatory and necessary. It is not important that all Nigeria citizens in Benin city in particular get full formal education and not partial education whic... read more

With increasing population, the number of school going children is increasing much faster than the number of schools is increasing. The death of good schools and the greed of school authorities are filling up classrooms to the brim. Numbers of people complain about their children going to schools where children’s sit in classes where there is no place to keep chairs and tables. Education plays a very important role in shaping the life of any citizen in his or her communities which he/she fi... read more

Educational services refer to the services available for teachers to improve their quality and promote teacher effectiveness in the school system, while teacher quality is a degree of excellence especially as it relates to high level of competency and worth of teachers. Specifically, the study examined the extent to which provision and utilization of educational services relate to teacher quality and students’ academic performance. Correlational survey design was adopted and it was conducte... read more

Different authors have tried to make an intensive review about the factors which are responsible for mass failure of students’ in English language at the secondary level across the country and beyond. Several researches on this topic were conducted in developing as well as developed countries. In developing countries some researcher showed that school factors were more important for students’ English achievement than family factors. Regarding Nigeria , there is no specific study on the issue... read more

Basic hygiene refers to practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases. It involves regular washing of body, washing the hands when necessary, cutting of nails, washing ones clothing, keeping the hair neat and brushing of teeth. School children are particularly vulnerable to neglect of basic personal hygiene (Enahoro and Orokj, 1986). The consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality are also more severe in them compared to adults. The increased burden of communicab... read more