TRADE AND BUSINESS OPENNESS AND OUTPUT GROWTH IN NIGERIA ABSTRACT This research work studies the international competitiveness of the Nigerian economy in the global market by analyzing the relationship between trade openness and output growth in Nigeria. Using time-series data over the period 1970-2007, we show that output growth of the Nigeria economy is a function of two sets of shocks; (i) external shocks (openness and real exchange rate) and (ii) internal shocks (real interest rate a... read more

Information and Communication technology has really improved the performance of the Nigerian stock exchange. This study aimed at exploring or exposing the ways through which information and communication technology facilitate the growth and development of the Nigerian stock exchange as a whole. However, for detailed and systematic chapters. Chapter one opens up by introducing the topic of the research, starting the problems that prompted to the study, the objectives of the study, the purpose of ... read more

An organization is a social set up, which has a boundary that separates it from its environment, pursues its own collective goals, and controls its own performance (Hicks and Gullet, 1975). In a formal organization, interactions are rationally coordinated and directed through time on a continuous basis. The person at the helm of affairs is usually the leader. Kraines (2001) stressed that the word leadership has been used by most disciplines: political science, business executives, social work... read more

In recent years, particularly since the adoption of the economic reform programme in Nigeria in 1986, there has been a decisive switch of emphasis from the grandiose, capital intensive, large scale industrial project based on the philosophy of import substitution to small scale industries with immense potentials for developing domestic linkages for rapid, sustainable industrial development. Apart from their potential for ensuring a self reliant industrialization, in terms of ability to rely larg... read more

Inflation is an inevitable property of any economy in the world. It influences every country, negatively as well as positively, whether it is developed or developing country as well. Anyanwu (2011) stated that inflation is an important factor leading to social and economic instability and disorder. It is one of the most largely observed and tested economic variables both theoretically and empirically. Its causes, impacts on other economic variables, and cost to the overall economy are well known... read more

Welfare is a corporate attitude or commitment reflected in the expressed care for employees at all levels, underpinning their work and the environment in which it is performed (Cowling and Mailer, 1992). Specifically, Coventry and Barker (2009) assert that staff welfare includes providing social club and sports facilities as appropriate, supervising staff and works’ canteens, running sick clubs and savings schemes; dealing with superannuation, pension funds and leave grants, making loans on ha... read more

Management control system is currently being given serious consideration in both private and public organizations. The commitment of enterprise in achieving Excellence is largely determined by the level of control system in place. From recent research, it is obvious that evaluation performance level of an employee in an organization cannot be achieved without effective control system to avoid waste, fraud and mismanagement (Meig’s et al 1982). All over the world there is awareness that grea... read more

A modern forward-looking business does not keep its employees in the dark about vital decisions affecting them but it trusts them and involves them in decision making at all levels. “Command and control” is no longer an adequate model, a more open and collaborative framework will exploit the talents of all employees (Hewitt, 2002). Employees must be involved if they are to understand the need for creativity and if they are to be committed to changing their behaviour at work, in new and im... read more

Relationships are the soul of life. It is hard to think regarding any society or organization to survive without relationships. They are the imperceptible threads, which make a unique bond between the individuals and organizations. On the one side these bonds can be as strong as iron pillars lasting for lifetime, whereas on the other hand they are as delicate as feather which may be broken in no time. Controlling relationships is a very difficult phenomenon. Organizations understand the impor... read more

Nigerian government has made significant efforts in recent years, not only in the fair distribution of such facilities to different parts of the country but also to increase the quality and improve the quality of such facilities. The development of infrastructural facilities today is the responsibility of the Federal and state government. However, it should be noted, that until recently most of the infrastructure facilities developed in the country were established, staffed and controlled by ... read more

In every business organization including Nigerian Bottling Company, the performance of the employees is important in achieving organizational goals. Performance appraisal is one of the basic tools that make workers to be very effective and active at work. A critical look out on this may bring about the need for motivation, allowances, development, training and good human relationship in an organization. Performance appraisal is defined as a structural formal interview between subordinate a... read more

Cash flow is generally acknowledged as the single most pressing concern of the Small/Medium Scale Enterprise (SME). In its simplest form cash flow is the movement of money in and out of your business. Cash flow is the life-blood of all growing businesses and is the primary indicator of business health. The effect of cash flow is real, immediate and, if mismanaged, totally unforgiving. Cash needs to be monitored, protected, controlled and put to work. While the basic principles of effective ca... read more

It a crystal clear that without communication, there would be no society. Communication gives room for peaceful co-existence among human being. That is why there are series of school of thoughts on the concept of communication. Development and growth of any country depends on the mode of communication of international relations, that is why most countries of the world has its own official language. This shows that communication is pertinent in all human activities and development. Communicati... read more

Advertising is any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). There are various forms of advertising like informative advertising, persuasive advertising, comparison advertising, and reminder advertising. Informative advertising is used to inform consumers about a new product, service or future or build primary demand. It describes available products and services, corrects false impressions and builds t... read more

Management needs a lot of tools to be able to administer effectively in the day to day running of the business. Management by objectives is one of such tools. It is a way of getting improved results in managerial action. Management by objectives can be described as a managerial method, where by the superior and the subordinate managers in an organization identify major areas of responsibility, in which they will work, set some standards for good or bad performance and the measurement of results ... read more

Job dissatisfaction among workers has been a bone of contention and most researched variable among management and human resource researchers (Dhammika, Ahmad, & Sam, 2001). The world is a global village, job seekers expect to be engaged in an organization that provide adequate work environment, free of environmental hazards, well ventilated, and secured thereby leading to job satisfaction. Essentially, researchers in the fields of organizational behaviour and management opined that the conceptua... read more

Nigeria still presents a clear reflection of the third world economy in which the growing economy has some working machinery, monetary and fiscal policies that are aimed at maintaining a balance in the entire economy so that growth and development, which is the ultimate goal of every economy, is realized. Generally, monetary policy refers to combination of measures designed to regulate the values supply and cost of money in an economy in consonance with the level of economic activity. Monetary ... read more

Taxation is the system of raising money in form of taxes paid by the citizens of the country in return for the services rendered by the government. It could be recalled that taxation is instituted by God, this is traced back to “Mattew chapter 22 vs. 17-21”, when the Pharisees asked Jesus whether it is lawful to pay taxes or not. The Pharisees were later told render therefore to Caesars the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things that are to God. According to Lekan .S. etal (... read more

Housing is one of the Importance factors that determine Urban forms and constitutes the single most serious problem facing large cities in Nigeria today. In the 1950s and 1960s, the need to finance housing in Nigeria remained so small mainly because of low urbanization level. The byoyancy of the Nigeria economy in the 1970s and the uneven spatial distribution of industrial development accelerated the rate of urbanization in Nigeria. The heretherto uncontrolled and unplanned urbani... read more

Abstract This work is aimed at examining the roles of NTA in economic development. It also looked at some of the problems that confront the mass media in carrying out these tasks of Nigerian economic development. The researcher adopted survey method with questionnaire distributed to the respondents. A total of 180 respondents were collected, analyzed and interpreted. Two hypotheses were tested and analyzed using simple percentages and chi-square. The result of the study shows that NTA play... read more