Loan administration is one of the external mean of financing many sector of the economy especially the agricultural sector. This is due to the fact that the agricultural sector is the major source of the food production and supply in the country. This loan is been administered through the financial institution established by the federal government of Nigeria. It (loan administration) is been introduced so as to help rural farmers and small-scale business financially in their various businesses. ... read more

Prior to 1993, only very little was known of Value Added Tax (VAT) in Nigeria. The idea of VAT started with the acceptance of the recommendation of Dr Sylvester Ugoh led study group on Indirect Taxation in November 1991. The decision to accept the recommendation was made public in the 1992 Budget speech. (Okpe, 2001). In addition, according to Obianwuna (2005), the Federal Government set up two study groups in 1991, one was set up by the Federal Ministry of Finance and Economic Development to st... read more

There are quite a number of interpretations on the term growth. Be it as it may, the problem of economic growth was initially seen largely as an economic problem to be tackled largely by economists. The massive poverty that exist in underdeveloped world was interpreted as low per capita income. Growth in the late 1960s and early 1970s brought into focus a situation of worsening poverty conditions for the poor in many underdeveloped countries despite a fairly good record of growth in... read more

The research is geared towards findings out the roles played by commercial banks in enhancing the economic development of Nigerian through agriculture and commerce. I will like to find out on how the commercial banks help in the development of Nigeria economy. 1. To know conditions involved in getting credit facilities to enhance economic development. 2. To know how the commercial banks contributed to the growth of entrepreneurship development in Niger... read more

CHAPTER ONE · INTRODUCTION · BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY · STATEMENT OF THE STUDY · RESEARCH QUESTIONT · OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY · SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY · STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS · JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY · SCOPE OF THE STUDY · DEFINITION OF TERMS

In economics, depreciation is the decrease in the economic value of the capital stock of afirm, nation or other entity, either through physical depreciation, obsolescence or changes in the demand for the services of the capital. Depreciation refers to two very different but related concepts which are decline assets to periods in which the assets are used. Soludo said the drop in the value of the local currency was a government -supported devaluation in the face of falling oil prices. Oil reve... read more

Historically, major petroleum marketing companies were the main sources of petroleum product’s supply. The companies transported and distributed the products relying on their distribution and retail outlets. This was an era of deregulation in which Nigerian paid market-determined prices for products. However, this arrangement was not sustainable given that it was dependent on the profit and market imperatives of the oil marketers. The country’s economic activities expanded in the seventies ... read more

The avoidance of rapid increase in price which in turn leads to inflation is one of the macroeconomic objectives of any economy. Inflation as the name implies can be described as a sustained rise in prices (Johnson), a continuing increase in the general price level (Brooman),a persistent and appreciable rise in the general level of prices (Shapiro) and a continuing rise in prices as measured by an index such as the consumer price index (CPI) (Dernbery and Mc Dongall). Robert J. Gordon desc... read more

Auditing is derived from a Latin word “Audire” which means “To Hear”. In the olden days, owners of business used to hear the report of how their business progresses from the manager of the business. But due to the fact that the primitive ways of keeping financial records which include making signs on board, keeping figures off hand without documentation and lack of mechanical aids for calculation had a lot of problems associated with it. Also, the manager may deliberately decide to hi... read more

The global financial system is no doubt embracing the current transition from physical currency to almost virtual currencies through the medium of technology. This wave has ushered in the birth of crypto currencies. Crypto-currency has been defined as a digital record-keeping device that uses balances to keep track of the obligations from trading and that is publicly known to all traders. Some of the forms of crypto currencies include Bitcoin (BTC), Litecoin (LTC), Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP), ... read more

One of the functions of the Central Securities Clearing System is certificate dematerialization but most investors are not aware of the operations of the CSCS nor of the facility as they prefer to keep the paper certificate. From January 1, 2009, investors shares were being lodged directly online with the CSCS. Prior to this new directive, the following problems were observed before the introduction of CSCS:- Cancellation and frequent issuance and re-issuance of share certificate when shares ... read more

Cocoa farming has really contributed to most of the agricultural sectors in Nigeria. As we all know; agriculture has done a lot in the time of old even when crude oil was not the major source of revenue in Nigeria. Agriculture has provided food for almost the entire population of Nigeria; is it employment? Farmers that operates on a larger scale tends to employ more labour. Cocoa farming is a very vital part of agriculture as it provide food for the entire population of Nigeria, raw material ... read more

The project on the effect of endsars protest on the growth and economy of nigeria. The project aimed at investigating the effect of endsars protest on the growth and economy of Nigeria, exploring the factors the promotes endsars protest, finding if endsars negatively influenced the growth of Nigeria and ascertaining the relationship between endsars protest and the growth of Nigeria.

Right from time immemorial, a country’s exchange rate and balance of payment is usually regarded as the sum of indices by which a nation’s strength can be measured especially its economic strength. Paul (1996) defines balance of payments as an accounting record to all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world. These transactions include payments for the country’s exports and imports of goods, services and financial capital, as well as financial transfer. It summari... read more

The accumulation of external debt is common phenomenon of the third world countries at the stage of economic development where the supply domestic savings is low, current account payment deficit are high and imports of capital are needed to augment domestic resources. Early 1970’s, the external debt of developing countries was relatively small and primarily an official phenomenon, the majority of creditors being Foreign Governments and International Financial Institutions such as ... read more

The tendency of price to rise, and of the value of money to fall is known as inflation. One of the main objectives of any responsible government is to control the rate of inflation because of its undesirable effect on the economy. In most developed countries, the economic specter of the inter-war period was the demoralizing level of unemployment. The worry of unemployment has given way to a concern over inflation. Most economic policy may be seen as a continued fight to sustain increase and the ... read more

The Nigeria Economy has been regarded as one of the fastest growing in Africa, and potentially the biggest in the continent, if thoroughly explored. The contribution of other sectors of the industry cannot be overemphasized, as the inclusion of the Private Media Houses cannot be underestimated. In the late 50s to 70ss, media outfits are controlled and owned by the government in power, with little contribution and inclusion of the private individual. The late business mogul, Moshood Abiola,... read more

This study dwells on The Effect of Ratio Analysis in Investment Decision in First Bank Nigeria Plc. The study begins with Chapter One to Chapter Five. Data were collected through questionnaire distributed to the workers. Percentage analysis and chi-square (X²) statistics test were also employed in data analysis. The study reveals that the effectiveness of ratio analysis in business decision making determines the level of liquidity and profitability of business, also improves management decision... read more

The word secretary is often used to mean anybody who can type and write shorthand. Ability to write shorthand or type does not make a person a secretary. There is more to being a secretary than more skills in shorthand and type writing. The origin of the secretary could be traced a hundred years ago, when young men and women started working in business offices as typist and shorthand writers coupled with the development, importance and significance of their position and duties in the office, som... read more

This study is basically under taken to take an objective view of the impact of international trade, initially with predominately a grain product, but presently dominate by petroleum products. Since the discovery of oil in commercial quantity at Oloibiri in the present day Delta State, Nigeria has been an important player in world affairs, economically and other wise, particularly being the 6th largest producer of crude oil in organization of petroleum exporting counties (OPEC). Unfortunately, th... read more