Taxation is the system of raising money in form of taxes paid by the citizens of the country in return for the services rendered by the government. It could be recalled that taxation is instituted by God, this is traced back to “Mattew chapter 22 vs. 17-21”, when the Pharisees asked Jesus whether it is lawful to pay taxes or not. The Pharisees were later told render therefore to Caesars the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things that are to God. According to Lekan .S. etal (2006)... read more

The recent evolution of technology for financial transactions poses interesting questions for policy makers and financial institutions regarding the suitability of current institutional arrangements and availability of instruments to guarantee financial stability, efficiency and effectiveness of monetary policy. Over the course of history, different forms of payment systems have been in existence. Initially, ‘trade by barter’ was common; however, the problems of barter such as the double coi... read more

Financial Literacy is the ability to make informed judgments and to make effective decisions regarding the use and management of money .The need for financial literacy cant be over emphasized in this our time even as the Central Bank of Nigeria seeks to enahance an efficient economy especially through the e- banking system and thus creating a cashless economy beginning form June 1 2012. Financial system plays a crucial role in the process of financial intermediation in Particular to the growth ... read more

The consequences of population growth on the economic development of less developed countries are not the same because the condition prevailing in these countries are quite different from those of developed economy. Therefore the body of literature on population growth in Nigeria has always emphasized either the negative or the positive effect. Therefore in every discussion, it is conventional to start with a definition of terms used in such discussion. However, population can be seen by a de... read more

The impact of public expenditure on agriculture in Nigeria is enormous. Government having recognized agriculture as the second highest sector after oil of which the country depends for food, employment and foreign exchange. This project work would summarize the magnitude and composition of governments’ expenditure on agricultural sector since 1960 The project also examines that contribution of agriculture towards Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P), between the year 1960 when Nigeria got independe... read more

Oil is a major source of energy in Nigeria and the world in general. Oil being the mainstay of the Nigerian economy plays a vital role in shaping the economic and political destiny of the country. Although Nigeria’s oil industry was founded at the beginning of the century, it was not until the end of the Nigeria civil war (1967 - 1970) that the oil industry began to play a prominent role in the economic life of the country (Fashola, 1999). Oil abundance, and specifically oil dependence has... read more

Exchange rate is a prominent determinant of world trade, receiving much attention in the context of global imbalances. The subject of exchange rate fluctuation came to be a topical issue in Nigeria because it is the goal of every economy to have a stable rate of exchange with its trading partners. In Nigeria, this goal was not realized in spite of the fact that they embarked on the devaluation of the naira and adopted the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in 1986. The failure to realize this g... read more

Money deposit banks are resident depository corporations and quasi-corporations which have any liabilities in the form of deposits payable on demand, transferable by cheque or otherwise usable for making payments. The banking sector in Nigeria in 2010 financial year was oligopolistic in structure as only ten banks 11.1% of the 90 operation accounted for 54.5% of total assets, 52.4% of total deposit liabilities and 46.1% of total deposit liabilities of deposit money bank as at 31/12/2006 amounted... read more

This research is aimed at assessing the role of small business in alleviating poverty in Nigeria, a case study of Ubotex Nigeria Limited is one disease that has left Ubotex Nigeria Limited people designed and under-develop and Nigerian in general, for it to be eradicated successfully, people business or the other so as to improve their standards of living. Therefore, the scope of these study will not go beyond Ubotex Nigeria and Nigeria in general.

This study attempts to explore the impact of taxes on the dividend policy of Nigerian banks. T o do this, it tries to answer questions as to the actual relationship between taxation and dividend pay-out ratio. It also attempts to explore the possible impact of profits on the dividend pay-out and examines factors influencing dividend policies. The purpose is to reveal how propounded dividend policy theories could apply to Nigerian banks and to make relevant recommendations. The study covers all b... read more

This refers to the importance, relevance and benefits accruable to this research work at it’s completion. However, this research topic “Revenue mobilization as a means of budget realization” is central in every economy including Nigeria in which Akwa Ibom State is not an exception, as a result of these: this section will deal with the expected positive outcome of this research work in relation to Akwa Ibom State revenue mobilization as it affect the budget realization. This research study... read more

One of the major functions of any government especially developing countries such as Nigeria is the provision of infrastructural services and social amenities such as hospitals, schools, good roads, electricity, pipe borne water, security of life and properties and to also ensure a rise in the per capital income, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and poverty alleviation to mention a few as stated by Soyode and Kajola (2006). For these services to be adequately provided, the government should hav... read more

The importance of small scale business to Nigeria can only be fully appreciated when one realizes the dominant roles it plays in our economic development. (Nwana 1995) The small scale enterprises are the mainstay of the Nigerian economy. Providing almost seventy percent of the employment to able men and women in the society. Before the introduction of Nigerian enterprises promotion decree of 1972, most business both small and big were managed by foreign experts, the role of fund to existing and ... read more

The federal government in 1991 set up a study group to look into and give recommendation of the administration and reform of indirect taxation. This was as a result of the inadequate revenue yield from non-oil taxes in Nigeria and the overdependence of the government on oil revenue. This group was to review the indirect taxation system in Nigeria, study the feasibility of the introduction of Value Added Tax and make recommendation. According to Ajakaiye (2000) the recommendation accepted by the... read more

Small and medium enterprises in Nigeria can be defined according to asset base and number of staff employed. The criteria are an asset base between N5 million and N500 million, and a staff strength between 20 and 300 employees. The development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) via effective financing options have stem debate and growing interest among researchers, policy makers and entrepreneurs, recognizing the immense contribution of the subsector to economic growth. Small and Medium Sca... read more

Small scale industries have been facing plethora of financial problems that emanate from the absence of collateral security, high rate of business failure, low productivity, Poor management and effect of activities of small scale industries have not been felt by these drawbacks, the Nigerian government has been using the annual budgets and specialized agencies such as the small and medium enterprises development agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN). The product of these small scale industries have not eve... read more

Although there is general agreement among psychologists that man experience a variety of needs, there is considerable disagreement as to what these needs are and their relative importance. There have been a number of attempts to present models of motivation which list a specific number of motivating needs, with the implication that these lists are all-inclusive and represent the total picture of needs, unfortunately, each of these models has weaknesses and gap and we are still without a ... read more

This study of human capital development is very important issue in every organization which focuses on growth, viability and survival of any organization. Whether private or public, manufacturing or non-manufacturing is effective acquisition, utilization and maintenance of the organization’s human resources. The human resource is so critical to organization survival such that it has judging by today’s complex business environment, been acclaimed as the most vital resource available to any or... read more

Every investment decision taken by the manager affects the performance of the banks. What percentage of the capital should be debt and what percentage should be equity so as to maximize profitability of the bank given that each source of finance has a cost-benefit attach to it, is a major managerial decision. The difficulties associated with designing an optimum capital structure policies to enhance profitability is the reason why this study sought to examine whether capital structure affect ban... read more

A realization in today’s economy world is that government cannot single-handedly ensure the development of a country. Development is seen as a direct function of the various function in the economy particularly private sector, international community and other micro and macro constituents. Noticeable in today’s economy are the activities of small and medium scale enterprises which are described as the fourth realm of economic development (Muhammad and Muzzaffer, 2011). Alese and Alimi (2014... read more