According to oxford advanced learners dictionary liquidity means the state of owning things of value that can be easily changed into cash. EBELE OGAMBA in his book BANKING LENDING AND LOAN ADMINISTRATION SECOND EDITION, define liquidity as the ease and speed with which an assets can be converted or transformed into cash. In other word liquidity of bank simply means “the ease with which banks assets could be converted into cash”. These assets include cash in the banks vault, cash with the cen... read more

Inflation can be defined as the persistent or continuous increase in the general price level Mr. Thoney Croft former chancellor of the exchequer (minister of finance) focuses defined inflation “too much money chasing few goods” for about three decades now, inflation is a hydro-head problem that is so difficult to eliminate in Nigeria. Infact it has been a topic of major debate among economist in Nigeria and elsewhere. Inflation is now a universal phenomenon on both in the developed an... read more

The banking system in Nigeria from 1993 till data has been characterized by diverse mismanagement resorting from so many factors ranging from volume of capital to bank reserve in made of transaction, bankers/customer relationship and on the human factor frauds which have till date been threatening the corporate existence of the banking system in Nigeria (AKIN TNDE: 2002,P34).

Research concerns “Bank failure” causes and consequences” Bank failure in our banking industry has become a peculiar household word in this country, which cannot be overemphasized. It is a re-current issue, which caused to captivate many individuals and banks, which has caused untold hardship to collective individuals, individual, stakeholders. This ugly scene has paved way for losses of staggering sum of money and investment by some banks. As a matter of facts, Banks distress has signi... read more

Ade Wum, (2006) the advent of structural adjustment programme in 1989 has not only increased competition in the banking industry, but also brought the application of computer in banking services the competition brought about by the structural Adjustment, programme (SAP) has enhanced the introduction of computers in banking industry. But computerization per say has solved some problem in the industry. Some innovation banks have gone into computer network in order to reduce if not eliminating some... read more

The Nigeria banking industry has witnessed a lot of changes since the mid 1980’s and this is reflected in the increased volume and complexity of bank operations, increased innovations and varieties in product and service delivery. These development have not only been technology driven but have influenced move technological advances. Information technology which is the foundation of modern electronic banking through desktop computers and terminals provide the tools for delivery of new produ... read more

The relative insufficiency of funds for capital investment is a common factor in every economy especially in developing countries of the ward, like Nigeria. Finding a solution to these problems of providing funds for capital investment has been a major pre-occupation of financial institutions in Nigeria one of the solution that come up is syndicated loan, which h is aimed at spreading risks and weakening the impact of restricting laws and regulations lending by financial institutions. ... read more

As competition between businesses geared up, if becomes imperative to turn, attention to customers needs and wants which are naturally insatiable. The marketing concept arose to challenge all other previous concept. Orjih (1998) in his book “Seminar in Banking and finance.” Concluded that marketing concept holds the key to achieving organizational goals consists in determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfaction more / effectively and efficiently tha... read more

This research work is an attempt to study on fraud and financial malpractice as a leading factor to business failure. Business can be seen as all profit directed towards providing goods and services to mankind. The business organization under usual condition of operation is the result of growth of any business. Individuals are to fill the various positions which will help the organization to achieve its desired objective. Companies are today going through life threatening challenges which ... read more

A commercial bank can be defined as a financial institution or company carrying on the biz of receiving monies other valuables as deposits from the public for keeping and for lending to the investors on short and medium term basis on which it charges interest such deposit or repayable on demand to the depositors or order. ADEKANYA(1993) The early commercial bank in Nigeria were established by the colonial Govt and mainly catering for the interest of the expatriates, thus (i) financing e... read more

The background of Treasury Single Account (TSA) is in accordance with Executive order NO. 55b (2011), which stipulated that the Bureau of Treasury (BTr) shall operate a Treasury Single Account (TSA) to receive remittance of collections of internal revenue taxes / custom duties from Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) / Bureau of Customs (BOC), authorized agent banks as well as other National Government Agencies from authorized government depository banks. The TSA, which shall be maintained at the C... read more

The growth of the industrial sector of any economy is achieved through the interdependence and interrelationship among various business units. Growth has been defined as the numeric increase in the productive activities of a country. It is an increase in the amount of goods produced by all sectors of an economy in naira value. SMEs are sub-sectors of the industrial sector and they play crucial role in industrial development (Ahmed, 2006). SMEs have been identified as veritable engines that accel... read more

Even since the inception of the first three successful indigenous banks in Nigeria, the National Bank of Nigeria established on February 11th 1933, the Agbommagbe Bank (now wema Bank Nig Plc) in 1945, The African continental Bank Plc in 1947 and others subsequently established in the country during the period from 1952 when the first banking ordinance was enacted to regulate and control the activities of commercial banks in the country till present day, prand have remarried a permanent featur... read more

One of the prerequisites for the development of national economy according to Ajayi et al, 2006 is by encouraging a payment system that is secured, convenient, and affordable. The world today is moving away from paper payment system to electronic means, especially payment cards (Humphrey, 2004). In most countries, for instance, it is possible to pay for a snack through vending machine by simply dialing a number on one’s phone bill. In Nigeria, like most developing countries, cash is the main m... read more

Fraudulent act in the banking industry” is of a special concern to the monetary control and supervisory authority who are charged with the safety of individual banks and the soundness of the banking industry. Fraudulent act” is common in Nigeria banking industry, but clients as well as employees, temporary staff engage in fraud and forgeries in banks. Frequent occurrence of fraud ultimately distracts the attention of the management and lead to increase in running cost. Time and ener... read more

The importance of the banking section in any economy is derived from its roles of financial intermediation provision of an efficient payment system and facilitating the implantation of monetary policies. In intermediation, banks mobilize saving from the surplus limits of the economy and channel these funds to the deficit units particularly private business enterprises for the purpose of expanding their productive capacity. In operating the payment mechanism, the banking systems liabilities ser... read more

The master key to the success of any institution (financial and non – financial) according to Henri Fayol in principles of management 1. is the effective management system. This could be achieved through the handwork of the director, managing director, management staff and all other workers in the organization. The major role lies on the head of the board of directive (BOD) and managing director. Management according to Luther Gulick simple means the organizing pl... read more

Financial institutions have been early adopters of smart card and credit cards technology, in the system and more recently, the launching of internet banking have transformed with world into a global village linked with electronic impulses. The idea or when the Apex Bank of Nigeria (Central Bank of Nigeria) gave the approval to Allstates. Trust Bank Limited to issue a financial product known as the ESCA an electronic purse to the public. Later on, Diamond Bank Limited, introduce... read more

Greater prominence have been said to be associated with banking industry in Nigeria because of the role it plays in her economic environment. The banking industry plays a great influence and in the provision of credit facilities in Nigeria. However the tendency to incur financial losses due to failure to repay loans or credit facilities by borrowers which is regarded as credit risks are most often faced by banking institutions in the financial sector (Muhammad & Shahid, 2012). The bank’s cr... read more

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study - - - - - - - 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - 2 1.3 Objectives of the Study - - - - - - - 4 1.4 Research Questions - - - ... read more