Local government has and will continue to be one the prime factor of development in different parts of the world and their importance and impact on daily activities of citizens cannot be over emphasized. The term local government refers to a political authority set up by a nation or state as subordinate authority for the purpose of dispensing or decentralizing political power. In the English sense, it means local self government. Local government is a political sub-division of a national g... read more

Corporate Social Responsibility an essentially American phenomenon has over the years become a major concern in Western Europe and in other countries of the world following the western model of development. According to Drucker, (2001;231).The genesis of the debate on the concept of corporate social responsibility has been traced to the wave of crisis in social values that engulfed America in the post World War II period and most especially in the sixties. The Chief Executive of G... read more

Industrial relations constitute one of the most delicate and complex problems of the modern industrial society. This phenomenon of a new complex industrial set-up is directly attributable to the emergence of ‘Industrial Revolution”. The pre-industrial revolution period was characterized by a simple process of manufacture, small scale investment, local markets and small number of persons employed. All this led to close proximity between the manager and the managed. Due to personal and direct ... read more

Nigerian Civil Service today was inherited from the colonial masters-Britain, although the colonialists operated this to her profits but to the detriment of Nigeria. Civil service is a term used to cover those employed under the Federal and State government, particularly those employed by either the federal or state civil service commission. The Nigerian civil service became indigenous after independence in October 1, 1960. This did not come with easily, there were demands and ... read more

Development is a sine qua non for modern civilization. In a crusade and struggle to carryout development at all nooks and crannies of the society, the local government as the tier of government that is nearest to the people is saddled with the responsibility of direct development of the people to a certain level. Development is highly associated with fund, much revenue is needed to plan, execute and maintain infrastructures and facilities at the local government level. The needed revenue gene... read more

Ideally, the task of administration is to develop government workers who are able to tailor and utilize. The resources in the working society to their own needs. Motivations will always need the timeliness, sensitivity and vision that any effective relationship with human growth and individuality demands. A legal and seductive assumption is that if working itself is well planned and efficient, motivation for what is being done should Meaty and Micely come along as well (Deci; 1980) Vaigas (... read more

Bureaucracy is a distinctive arrangement used by human beings to organize their activities. The invention of Western bureaucracy several centuries ago helped solve the problem for leaders of governing human systems that grew larger and more complicated with each passing year. The great virtue and probably defining characteristic of bureaucracy, according to the one of the founders of sociology, German Max Weber ( 1864-1920), is as “an institutional method for applying general rules to specific... read more

It is the responsibility of every industry to have a cordial relationship with their employees and their external environment ie the general public. With reference to relationship as regards the employees, it involves a harmonious co-existence between the employees and the management for external environment ie the general public, it is done by feeding the public with the necessary information they need about the industry as well as making their polices and programmes clearly understood. ... read more

Before the dawn of modern civilization, our forefathers had a way of conducting themselves to ensure peaceful co-existence and mutual understanding which is the cordial point in public relations. Activities mostly are carried individually because no one was a spokesman for the rest. But, as time went, further, individual got the initiative of forming union, interest group and organizations with impacts in regards to society. To alley the fears of the publics, organizations saw the ne... read more

According to a research conducted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), a subsidy may be understood as a governmental measure aimed at reducing the price paid by consumers or increasing the price received by producers. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 2002 (Olaniyi, 2016). The use of subsidies is not limited just to economies in the process of development. Subsidies include a wide range of economic activities, with agricultural and energy subsidie... read more

Globally, humanity still faces the challenge of internal displacement and the humanitarian catastrophes that ensue everywhere in the world, despite the fact that it was hoped this would be solved after World War II. Subsequent to the aforementioned period, it is noteworthy to observe that the international community has persistently found itself entangled within relent

he Police is one of the most important institutions in the society. They are entrusted with the right to protect the citizen even when that involves the use of violence. More is expected of the Police than most modern professional jobs. They are expected to be brave and not show any human emotion like fear, shock, surprise, etc even in the face of serious tragedies like death, deformity, etc Undoubtedly, peace, safety and security are both necessary and indispensable requirements for development... read more

Just like any other research, ranging from unavailability of needed accurate materials on the topic under study, inability to get data Financial constraint , was faced by the researcher ,in getting relevant materials and in printing and collation of questionnaires Time factor: time factor pose another constraint since having to shuttle between writing of the research and also engaging in other academic work making it uneasy for the researcher

Wildlife conservation is to prevent individual species of wild animals, or sometimes whole communities from becoming extinct either regionally or globally. Nigeria is blessed with a rich and unique array of ecosystems and great variety of wildlife, but the conservation of these resources remains precarious. The National Parks developed and managed by the Federal Government under the exclusive legislative list, are to enhance the protection of endangered species, promote scientific research, enco... read more

One of the greatest challenge that Nigeria has had since independence is developing her rural sector. This has become so crucial that it became a prominent feature on the development agenda of successive government in Nigeria emphasis in developing the rural sector are triggered for two important reason. (1) Over 80% of Nigerians love on the rural environment. (2) Majority of these people are poor and live in a rather tombie conditions (Ekpo 1991) Rural development ... read more

Financial constraint is inevitable considering the present economic situations. Due to lack of finance at the researchers disposal to get materials and in printing of questionnaires. it was not possible to visit some of the police stations and some of the victims of corruption. In developing countries like Nigeria, there is the problem of insufficient data.

In addition, the case study approach that was used in the research presented the investigator with a number of difficulties, such as the chance of making erroneous judgments and being subject to prejudice. In spite of this, the investigator was successful in overcoming the difficulties by adhering to the broad principles of respect for processes, justice, fairness, impartiality in observation and recording, and the weighing of evidence.

Like in every human endeavour, the researchers encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire, and interview), which is why the researcher resorted to a moderate choice of sample size. More so, the researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. As a result, ... read more

This study will be helpful to the government in creating awareness on the impact of the level of insecurity in leading Nigerians to move and settle in other countries causing a brain drain in Nigeria. It will also be helpful as it will be an addition to other works which have been written on the subject matter of migration of Nigerians and it will also provide materials for other researchers to reference when conducting their own research.

At the commencement of coal mining in Enugu in 1915, Aguowa received many immigrants from where the commute to the city to partake in coal boom as at that time. By and large, the rural settlement experienced rapid population growth and since it was at the outskirt of Enugu central, it was not subjected to building regulations and codes, hence houses constructed of handy materials sprang up all over the settlement. Thus the area was crowded with poor housing structures most disorderly located.