CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The global workforce includes about 45 percent of the world's population and 58 percent of those above the age of ten. Whose work ensures the economic and material foundation of civilization, which is reliant on their ability to work. As a result, workplace health and worker well-being are critical prerequisites for productivity and are critical for overall socio-economic and sustainable development.The industry is a dangerous place to be. Occupational safety and health  risks are widespread in many industries and concern a vast number of people. About 30-50 % experience dangerous thermal, chemical, or biological hazards, as well as an excess of unreasonably hard physical labour or ergonomic variables that can be hazardous to their health and ability to work.an equal number of working people report psychological overload at work resulting in stress symptoms.Many individuals spend a third of their lives working in dangerous conditions. Yearly, it is estimated that 120 million workplace incidents and 200,000 deaths occur, and 68-157 million new cases of occupational injury are caused by multiple workplace exposures. The effects of these health risks have been projected to amount to several percent of certain countries'  gross

The effects of these health risks have been projected to amount to several percent of certain countries'  grossIn some regions and countries, only 510% of workers in developing countries  and 20-50% of workers in industrialized countries (with a very few exceptions)have access to occupational health services in spite of an evident need virtually at each place of work. Occupational health systems are particularly important in developed and newly developed countries (NICs).

Furthermore, these countries are home to about eight out of ten of the world's jobs. Such programs, if arranged properly and efficiently for all workers, would benefit not only workers' wellbeing, but also countries', cities', families', and dependents' overall socioeconomic growth, competitiveness, environmental health, and well-being.Occupational fitness can also assist with the control of unintended expenses such as sickness absenteeism and work injury, as well as health insurance and social security costs.

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The construction industry is an important part of any country's economy, particularly in terms of job opportunities. However, crashes, casualties, deaths, and fatalities appear to occur at alarmingly high rates on building projects around the world (Hinze,1997).The manufacturing industry has a poor understanding of the long-term advantages of safety procedures, and the tendering process often overlooks safety, resulting in expense and corner cutting (Biggs et al,2005). Sometimes, protection is discovered to be the first object to be cut. This is because some employers feel that implementing an OSH management scheme would be more expensive.

The manufacturing industry's poor occupational safety and health record has long been illustrated. It's because the OSH management system is a neglected field and a feature of the construction industry that hasn't been followed systematically.While safety is a critical concern, many employers do not believe it is critical to their company's performance. According to Radhlinah (2000), the building industry will benefit from a shift in perspective that encourages a potential outlook that prioritizes safety issues and successfully incorporates them into the overall management mix. The lack of or inadequacy of an OSH management scheme is the primary cause of high accident rates. Many workplace deaths and casualties are caused by a flaw in the current OSH management system. As a result, using a ‘effective' management method will lead to better building systems and lower the occurrence of accidents and work-related diseases (Davies and Tomasin, 1996).

1.3       OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

I.         To determine if  organizations are aware of workplace safety and health.

II.      To assess the benefits of occupational safety and health awareness and policies in various sectors.

III.   To determine how often companies lecture their workers on workplace safety and health.

1.4       RESEARCH QUESTIONS 

I.         Are organizations aware of workplace safety and health?

II.      What are the advantages of workplace safety and health policies in various sector?

III.   How often do companies lecture their workers on safety and health?

1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research will be useful to manufacturing companies in identifying hazards and putting in place preventative steps. Furthermore, the research would be beneficial to students and researchers who would do similar research.

1.6       SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study was limited to manufacturing companies in Enugu, Enugu state.

1.7       LIMITATION OF STUDY

The study's scope was reduced due to a shortage of funding, a lack of research materials, and a time constraint.

1.8       DEFINITION OF TERMS

HEALTH SAFETY: health safety are regulations and policies aimed at preventing accidents and injuries in the workplace and in public spaces

ORGANIZATIONAL HAZARD: organizational hazard is a hazard experienced in the workplace. 

MANUFACTURING COMPANY:A manufacturing company is a company that uses raw materials, parts, and components to assemble finished goods.

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