CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In December 2019, the global population will be awoken to an outbreak of a disease known as Coronavirus disease 2019. (abbreviated as COVID-19). The disease is an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus that causes extreme acute respiratory syndrome. The COVID-19 virus has spread to over 196 countries and territories on all seven continents. Since then, a concerted effort has been made to halt the spread of the virus, which is thought to be transmitted from person to person. The disease has severely slowed global economic activity, with many countries being put under partial or complete lockdown.The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread output halts and supply chain disturbances, creating unanticipated global ripple effects across all economic sectors. The spread of the disease is expected to pose serious humanitarian challenges to countries around the world, especially in Africa and Nigeria. In terms of economics, the consequences have already been felt, as global demand for Africa's raw materials and commodities has decreased, and Africa's access to manufacturing components and manufactured goods from other parts of the world has been hindered.This adds to the chaos on a continent already beset by widespread geopolitical and economic unrest (Morné et al., 2020). Social distancing and a stay-at-home scheme, in which workers are forced to work from their homes and public gatherings of some sort are prohibited, are some of the steps placed in place by the Nigerian government in an attempt to prevent the spread of covid-19. Spending restrictions and decreased consumption were implemented as a result of this program.Many factories have responded by shutting down or cutting down production and output, while in other instances, staff work from home to limit physical contact.
Occupational health deals with all facets of health and safety in the workplace and has a heavy emphasis on primary prevention of hazards," according to the World Health Organization (WHO). "A condition of full physical, emotional, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity," according to the definition. Occupational wellness is a multidisciplinary area of medicine that focuses on allowing people to do their jobs in the least harmful way possible to their health. It is in line with the promotion of occupational health and safety, which is concerned with avoiding harm from hazards.Occupational health has been defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) since 1950. The Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health adopted it at its first meeting in 1950, and it was updated at its twelfth meeting in 1995. "The main focus of occupational health is on three different objectives: I maintaining and promoting workers' health and working capacity; (ii) improving the working environment and work to make it more conducive to safety and health; and (iii) developing work organizations and working cultures in a way that supports health and safety at work while also promoting a positive work environment."
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Protecting employees will be a priority for most employers, who will emphasize simple infection prevention steps.The OSH is responsible for sensitizing and creating guidelines and ensure it’s full compliance in the workplace as regards the covid 19 pandemic. As needed, all employers should adopt good hygiene and infection prevention practices, such as encouraging regular and thorough hand washing by providing a place for staff, customers, and worksite visitors to do so. If soap and running water aren't available right away, offer alcohol-based hand rubs that contain at least 60% alcohol. Encourage workers to stay home if they are sick. Encourage proper coughing and sneezing etiquette, such as covering coughs and sneezes.If state and local health agencies recommend the use of social distancing techniques, employers can investigate whether policies and procedures such as flexible work sites (e.g., telecommuting) and flexible work hours (e.g., staggered shifts) can be implemented to improve the physical distance between workers and between employees and others. Where practicable, discourage employees from using other employees' phones, chairs, offices, or other work facilities and equipment.Maintain good housekeeping habits, such as washing and disinfecting surfaces, tools, and other work-related items on a regular basis. Employers should consult information on disinfectant labels licensed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that make claims against emerging viral pathogens when selecting cleaning chemicals. Products with EPA-approved emerging viral pathogens claims are expected to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 based on data for harder to kill viruses. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for use of all cleaning and disinfection products (e.g., concentration, application method and contact time, PPE).
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The following are the primary objective of the study
1. To determine the level of compliance of the OSH in addressing of the covid 19 pandemic in the industrial sector
2. To examine the different established covid 19 safety measures put in place by the OSH
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What is the level of compliance of the OSH in addressing of the covid 19 pandemic in the industrial sector?
2. What are the different established covid 19 safety measures put in place by the OSH?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study would serve as an awareness purpose to industrial sector on the need to comply to the safety measures put in place by the OSH.It will also add to existing literature in this topic and also serve as a guide to scholars ,researchers and students who may want to carry out similar research in the future.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study investigates occupational safety and health(OSH) compliance level in addressing covid 19 pandemic in the industrial sector .The sample respondent of this study will be the industrial sector in Ogun state
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Finance, time constraint and inadequate mateterials were the major challenges the researcher encountered during the course of this study.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH(OSH):Occupational safety and health (OSH), also commonly referred to as occupational health and safety (OHS), occupational health, or occupational safety, is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at occupation.
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR:The industrial sector is one that make finished products which can then be utilized viz. construction and manufacturing industry. Industrial sector is also known as secondary sector.
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