Nigeria’s economy is characterizedverybylarge numberarelativ of micro enterprises, and in between lie small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The unique feature of most SMEs is that, they can be easily established since their requirement in terms of capital, technology; management and even utilities are not as demanding as it is the case of large enterprises. Consequently, small enterprise sector is one of the leading employers (next only to peasant agriculture) in Nigeria and has been recog... read more

Corporate reputation affects the way in which various stakeholders behave towards an organization, influencing, for example employee retention, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Not surprisingly, CEOs see corporate reputation as a valuable intangible asset (Institute of Directors 1999). A favourable reputation encourages shareholders to invest in a company; it attracts good staff, retains customers (Markham 1972) and correlates with superior overall returns (Robert and Dowling 1997; Ve... read more

The study examined credit management and liquidity of manufacturing company. The objectives of the study includes to examine the relationship between average collection period a firm’s liquidity, to examine if there is a significant relationship between average payment period and the liquidity of a firm, to find out how debt affects the liquidity of a firm and to establish if there is a significant relationship between credit policy and liquidity of a firm. A sample of fifty companies was... read more

Confidence accounting is a new development and radical approach to accounting. Confidence accounting is a probabilistic approach as opposed to the traditional deterministic one. Confidence accounting is gradually evolving based on the promise that I might lead to better financial decisions by enabling decision makers to take a imager term view or an balance the odds as well as the books (Long finance news 2013). According to Moxley (2013), confidence accounting has the tendency being worked up ... read more

The subject of transparency and accountability in modern day corporate organizations has continued to receive attention as never before. It has become a subject of discuss and empirical research both in developed and developing countries of the world simply because of some recent financial crises and corporate scandals. Greater transparency and accountability are argued to improve the performance of corporate organizations through better resource allocation, enhanced efficiency and increased ... read more

This study sets out to examine whether the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Nigeria has improved the quality of financial reporting in First Bank of Nigeria Plc. Nigeria adopted IFRS, and then referred to as International Accounting Standards (IAS), in 1999 through a resolution by the Council of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Nigeria (ICPAN), the legally mandated accounting institute in Nigeria. The study compares changes in the quality of account... read more

Over the past decade, increased instigation as well as criticism of auditors has left little room for doubt that auditors are facing a liability and credibility crises in their profession. The reputation of accountancy profession comes under question for the reliability of their services (Adhikari, 2011). Similarly, failure of business in which deficiencies of financial reporting and corporate disclosure have figured prominently are not new phenomena however, high profile cases of recent past ... read more

The study was carried out to analyse how organizations and other stakeholders can make use of accounting ratios to critically analyse financial statements to evaluate organizational performance, using Union bank as case study. Union Bank of Nigeria Plc. The analysis of financial disclosed that although investors and performance evaluation analysis reliced on financial statement in the decision and appraisal. The reliability of financial reports especially during inflation as in currently p... read more

Small and medium scale enterprises are the engine that drives most economies of the world. Their importance to the economy of Nigeria cannot be overlooked. SMEs activities-both international and local have contributed immensely to the gross domestic product in the economy as they participate in manufacturing, importation, exportation, employment etc. According to Gono (2013), SMEs contribute to output and employment creation and they are also a nursery for the larger firms of the future. The mos... read more

This research work is aimed at highlighting the role played by Cost accounting information to the planning, control and decision making process of the management of an organization using Nigeria bottling company (NBC) as a case study. If identify the different costing techniques and methods available, the type of information produced by an accountant and how each information fits into the information need of management as stated in the alternative and as discovered by the researcher through ques... read more

It is feared that the inability of management to ensure effective enforcement to rules and regulation have rendered that operation of internal control system s the Banking industry open to abuse. The net effect could be that every one carries out his schedule off duties in any manner he likes which consequently gives those wishing to commit fraud their long expected golden opportunity. Prior to 1952, there was no form of Banking art or ordinance to regulate the establishment and op... read more

In Nigeria, local government reform has been a continues exercise. No single regime-colonial or indigenous, civil or military, regional or state government that came to power passed without making attempt of reforming the local government system. Even though the 1976 reform has surpassed all its predecessors, it was in fact part and parcel of the continuing structural adjustment of the country’s political evolution and development. On the whole, the 1976 reform was a major departure from the... read more

It is feared that the inability of management to ensure effective enforcement of rules and regulation have rendered that operations of internal control system as the banking industry open to abuse. The net effect could be that every on carries out his schedules off duties in any manner he likes which consequently gives those wishing to commit fraud their long expend golden opportunity. Prior to 1952, there was no forms of Banking art or ordinance to regulate the establishment and operation... read more

A company’s financial statements are analyzed internally by management and externally by investors and creditors. Management analysis of financial statements primarily relates to parts of the company which enables management to plan, evaluate, and control operation within the company. Investors and creditors generally focus their analysis of financial statements on the company as a whole, which helps them decide whether to invest in or extend credit to the company. As a minimum, financi... read more

An audit is the independent examination of, and expression of Opinion on the financial statements of enterprises by an auditor. In pursuance of this objective, he may disclose defalcations and irregularities, which are capable of impairing the truth and fairness of the financial statement. In recent years there has been considerable debate over the extent of the statutory auditors responsibility for the detection of fraud. This has been stimulated by the continued uncertainty ove... read more

The society at large views public money as an opportunity to enriching themselves since it is not for any body beside it is our nation cake as always stated. People with questionable intentions makes good use of this opportunity in looking away most of this funds which were kept under their control as leaders. It is on the above points, that the research had carry out a critical research with a view to knowing the extent of accountability in the public expenditure. Carr... read more

existence in Nigeria under the name “the association of accountants in Nigeria” this association was absorbed by our institute created by an act of parliament No 15 of 1956 which came into force on 1st of September 1965. the institute has over 17,000 member and 90,000 student on its register presently. The institute of chartered accountant of Nigeria (ICAN) is the only professional accountancy body in Nigeria and its qualification which allows it members to call themselves chartered acco... read more

The concept “source documents” is a familiar term with those involved in keeping accounting records or watch dogs of limited liability and public liability companies and organizations from time to item, most often on annual basis, the independent Auditors call to review the accounting records kept by their clients. This they do by studying and evaluating the internal control systems in the company. This approach makes it possible for lapses, discrepancies, deficiencies and bottlenecks to b... read more

The research paper fraud detection and control in payroll department. The aim of conduction this research is to investigate into the cause of alarming rate of fraud and its control in the payroll of our various ministries, identify the effect and suggest possible solution towards archiving fraud free in our organization payroll. In other words, the aim of the study is to ascertain, explained and highlight the reason for fraud in the payroll department and the organization in general, how can ... read more

The world over continues to grow in population, size and sophistication Technology. It becomes a sector on which the teeming population depends in for knowledge also grows. Be it as it may, the Nigerian situation is such that we, for the state of advantages associated with technological growth have started computerizing most business and educational operation in our higher institutions of learning and business organizations big and small. Two of such organizations are A.G Leventis and Pak –... read more