The issue of fraud, money laundering and other corrupt practices in business and government organizations has necessitated the application and practice of forensic or investigative accounting. Forensic or investigative accounting is that branch of accounting that deals with recovering proceeds of fraud, money laundering and other related corrupt practices that may occur in an organization. Once fraud is perceived or detected, a professional set of people-the forensic accountants are called upon ... read more

The effectiveness of accounting information as a tool for management decision cannot be over emphasized. Accounting keeps the financial score for a business, it call attention to the problem and the opportunities that comfort the enterprise. Where action in needed, it suggests possible solution or answers. Accounting is an intellectual discipline, we need a working definition, accounting is defined as the act of analyizing evaluating and interpreting an organization financial activities and ... read more

The Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC) has been in existence for years. It is regarded the largest transport corporation in Nigeria and has a high network operations. The Nigerian railway corporation is One Hundred and Fourteen years (114) old and it runs a unilaterally designed track system of 1067mm charge gauge. Only 30km of its track distribution is in double track and that is within Lagos area. Nigerian Railway Corporation actually commenced rail business activities with the construction of... read more

Financial Statement Analysis and Interpretation is a very vital instrument of good management decision-making in business enterprise. Good decisions ensure business survival, profitability and growth. Without financial statement analysis in investment decisions, an enterprise is likely to make decisions, which could spell its doom. Poor or lack of qualitative financial statement analysis could lead to investment returns, low profitability and even inability to identify viable investment opportun... read more

The topic “Automated forensic auditing and fraud control in Nigeria” is a critical concept in modern days accounting, and our country Nigeria is not left out in its practice. This research aims at pointing out the rationale behind fraudulent practices as well as examining the role of automated forensic auditing on fraud control. A survey research design was adopted for this research study and the sample size was selected using Taro Yamane sampling technique as data used were obtained from bo... read more

Totally one hundred was randomly sampled and stratified among the staff of Oando plc Enugu state. Three research questions and hypothesis tested at 0.05 percent level of significance guided the study. Frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation were employed to answer the research questions while Z-test statistics were used to test the hypothesis. It was found that privatization of unipetrol has led to efficient and improved cost performance, and proper accountability to share holders.... read more

Auditing has existed as long as man has been required to account for their transactions. A famous example is in St. Mathew’s Gospel (Chapter 25) when the rich man went on a journey and delivered his goods to a servant to look after them while he was away. On his return, he asked each of these servants to account for the goods with which he had been entrusted. In the ancient ages, great land owners would not manage their own land, but would appoint stewards to manage their own land for them.... read more

Every business prepares profit and loss Account or income statement to ascertain the net result of financial working of the business whether it has earned some income or profit or sustained any loss. It also prepare balance sheet to find out the financial position of the business. Profit and loss account or income statement, retained earnings statement and balance sheet are known as financial statements. Gautam (2005) sees financial statement as financial information which is the information re... read more

Capital can be classified into two broad categories based on tenure viz. long term and short term capital,The long term capital of firms is committed to investment in fixed assets. It includes shareholders’ funds and long term loans. On the other hand, short term capital is applied for investment in current assets such as cash, marketable securities and short- term credits. Current assets are usually acquired very often in varying quantities depending on the demand structure for the firm’s p... read more

Accountants have been bestowed with the role of providing information to the management regarding the affairs of the organization in particular and to the stakeholders in general. Internally, in manufacturing organization, management has always relied on the management accountant for cost evaluation and performance efficiencies of cost element. This role of management accountant to the management has been in doubt because of incessant increase in the cost elements of goods manufactured in Nigeri... read more

In general, inventory control and cost control techniques have become a household name in the business of manufacturing firms, that boast of the possession of goods or stocks, that hope to sell when the demand arises. It is so important to them, such that their survival as a corporate entity, hinges on how they are able to coordinate and control their applications. Inventory is a term that has been explained in various ways by various scholars, inventories are stocks of the product a company is ... read more

Computer has been defined as electronic machine that accept data (input) processes it to produce useful result (output). It is also capable of storing information. It uses predefined instruction known as computer programs to execute the task in order to produce output. Computers technology has helped in no small measure in activating the problems encountered using the manual tools and machines. Computerization ranks prominently in the commanding heights of economic activities of the business wor... read more

This is the introductory chapter of the chapter, it briefly explains the brief history, statement of the problem, objective, assumption, scope and limitation of the study, hypothesis and research questions about the subject matter are also discussed under this chapter including other relevant information. The need for a petrochemical industry in Nigeria was conceived for quite a long time. It was however not until 1978 that the idea of using some refinery by-products as feedstock to produce som... read more

In the recent times some industries are facing problems raised by expansion through increased sales and the introduction of varieties of product. Many on the other hand are facing problems of contraction due to the introduction of substitute materials and products or reduces demand for products whichever is the case, but it is important that management should be in a better position to plan for these changing level of activities. Apart from the problem of contraction and expansion duri... read more

Internal control has played a major role in risk management especially in the banking industry in Nigeria. According to British Auditing Guideline, which defined internal control as the whole system of control financial and otherwise, established by the management in order to carry out the business of the enterprise in an orderly and efficient manner, ensure adherence to management policies, safeguard the assets and secure as far as possible the completeness and accuracy of records. Where as H... read more

The growing demand for forensic accounting is a known characteristic of most companies in the world. Forensic accounting arises from the effect and cause of fraud and technical error made by human. Forensic accounting is quite new in Nigeria as companies have realized that the service of a forensic accountant is needed as fraud cases have substantially increased in number. Forensic accounting is the application of financial skills and investigative mentality to unsettled issues, conducted within... read more

This study explains the various accoutning ratios that can be used in interpreting financial statements of businesses to determine the financial position of the firm as well as aid investors to make informed decisions. Questionnaires were distributed to 25 manament and non-management staff of MTN Uyo Office. Both primary and secondary sources of data was used for the study.The data Collected via the primary data sources were analyzed using simple averages and percentages. After ratios analysis c... read more

According to America Accounting Association, Accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information to permit informed judgment and decisions by users of information. From this definition, it can be seen that the main objective of accounting is to provide economic information that will enable the users to make decisions. According to Patrick .A. Casabona (2006), Investors and creditors throughout the world base their decision on the information published in v... read more

Accountability has today become a very popular concept in our political and administrative vocabulary. Accountability has been defined according to Woods, and Alan (1996) as the rendering of returns on stewardship relating to the management of funds and other assets of which individuals or institution have been custodian. In the public sector, accountability entails among other things the making of returns of revenue accruing to it. When there is proper accountability of these resources, the... read more

Almost all the organization aimed towards the attainment of its desired, planned and overall objectives. In every operation of organization more especially small scale industry aimed towards efficiency and proper effectiveness for this to be achieved to a large extent depends on the quality of available accounting information and how the information will be utilized by the organization. However, information is the life wire of every business, defined by Don T. Coster et al (1978) so for any busi... read more