Financial literacy remains an interesting issue in both developed and developing economies, and has elicited much interest in the recent past with the rapid change in the finance landscape. OECD (2005), defines financial literacy as the combination of consumers’/investors’ understanding of financial products and concepts and their ability and confidence to appreciate financial risks and opportunities, to make informed choices, to know where to go for help, and to take other effective actions... read more

Exchange rate is the price of one country’s currency expressed in terms of some other currency. It determines the relative prices of domestic and foreign goods, as well as the strength of external sector participation in the international trade. Exchange rate regime and interest rate remain important issues of discourse in the International finance as well as in developing nations, with more economies embracing trade liberalization as a requisite for economic growth (Obansa, Okoroafor, Aluko a... read more

Cash management is essential to every business that desires to meet up with its short-term financial obligations. Akinsulire (2003) asserts that the success of any business venture is predicated on how the management has planned and controlled its cash flows. According to Olowe (2008), cash management is concerned with the efficient management of cash so as to achieve an optimum level of cash in the firm’s working capital. Cash represents the basic input necessary to start and keep a business ... read more

Human capital development is human centered because its major concern is on human empowerment which would lead to active participation. According to OECD (2001), human capital is concerned with knowledge, skills competitiveness and attributes embedded in an individual that facilitates the creation of personal, social, education and economic wellbeing. In order to achieve positive economic growth in Nigeria, human capital development should be considered as an integral and important factor for ed... read more

Most of the world renowned companies and organizations started as a small scale business with skills and efforts they grew up to the conglomerated and multinational companies of today. Small scale business occupies a unique position in the economy of any nature and they are the bedrock of any economic development. They constitute of the cornerstone of any competitive economy and by far outnumber the large scale business. Also, they provide large scale business, more fertile ground for creativit... read more

This research examined the impact of commercial bank credit for agricultural production in Nigeria using macroeconomic variables (of commercial bank credit and agricultural products). The overall objective of the study is to examine to what extent the credits of commercial banks had supported agricultural production Nigeria. The specific objectives are: (i) to determine the impact of trade credit banks on agricultural production in Nigeria, and (i) to determine the impact of agricultural product... read more

This study aims to analyze through the econometric methodology of the effects of monetary policy in the Nigerian economy. To achieve the above objective, the growth in production was chosen as the dependent variable, while the real exchange rate, real interest rates and inflation has been chosen as the independent variable. The ordinary least square was used in the regression estimate. According to the empirical results, we realized that the whole variables are insignificant in the t-test, but i... read more

Privatization has become a major strategy adopted world over to improve the performance of public enterprises. It is a known fact that one feature of public enterprises all over the world but more importantly in developing countries of Africa especially Nigeria is inefficiency, bureaucracy of public enterprises and uncared attitude of most public servants or most people to public work and property. This leads to waste, slow growth and inordinate dependence on government support (in the form of a... read more

The theory of capital structure is an important reference theory and perhaps, one of the most puzzling issues in corporate finance. The determination of optimal capital structure which maximizes firm’s value has frustrated theoretician for decades. The early works made numerous assumptions in other to simplify the problem and assumed that both the cost of debt and cost of equity were independent of capital structure and that the relevant figure for consideration was the net income of the firm.... read more

A realization in today’s economy world is that government cannot single-handedly ensure the development of a country. Development is seen as a direct function of the various function in the economy particularly private sector, international community and other micro and macro constituents. Noticeable in today’s economy are the activities of small and medium scale enterprises which are described as the fourth realm of economic development (Muhammad and Muzzaffer, 2011). Alese and Alimi (2014... read more

Every investment decision taken by the manager affects the performance of the banks. What percentage of the capital should be debt and what percentage should be equity so as to maximize profitability of the bank given that each source of finance has a cost-benefit attach to it, is a major managerial decision. The difficulties associated with designing an optimum capital structure policies to enhance profitability is the reason why this study sought to examine whether capital structure affect ban... read more

This study of human capital development is very important issue in every organization which focuses on growth, viability and survival of any organization. Whether private or public, manufacturing or non-manufacturing is effective acquisition, utilization and maintenance of the organization’s human resources. The human resource is so critical to organization survival such that it has judging by today’s complex business environment, been acclaimed as the most vital resource available to any or... read more

Although there is general agreement among psychologists that man experience a variety of needs, there is considerable disagreement as to what these needs are and their relative importance. There have been a number of attempts to present models of motivation which list a specific number of motivating needs, with the implication that these lists are all-inclusive and represent the total picture of needs, unfortunately, each of these models has weaknesses and gap and we are still without a ... read more

Small scale industries have been facing plethora of financial problems that emanate from the absence of collateral security, high rate of business failure, low productivity, Poor management and effect of activities of small scale industries have not been felt by these drawbacks, the Nigerian government has been using the annual budgets and specialized agencies such as the small and medium enterprises development agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN). The product of these small scale industries have not eve... read more

Small and medium enterprises in Nigeria can be defined according to asset base and number of staff employed. The criteria are an asset base between N5 million and N500 million, and a staff strength between 20 and 300 employees. The development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) via effective financing options have stem debate and growing interest among researchers, policy makers and entrepreneurs, recognizing the immense contribution of the subsector to economic growth. Small and Medium Sca... read more

The federal government in 1991 set up a study group to look into and give recommendation of the administration and reform of indirect taxation. This was as a result of the inadequate revenue yield from non-oil taxes in Nigeria and the overdependence of the government on oil revenue. This group was to review the indirect taxation system in Nigeria, study the feasibility of the introduction of Value Added Tax and make recommendation. According to Ajakaiye (2000) the recommendation accepted by the... read more

The importance of small scale business to Nigeria can only be fully appreciated when one realizes the dominant roles it plays in our economic development. (Nwana 1995) The small scale enterprises are the mainstay of the Nigerian economy. Providing almost seventy percent of the employment to able men and women in the society. Before the introduction of Nigerian enterprises promotion decree of 1972, most business both small and big were managed by foreign experts, the role of fund to existing and ... read more

One of the major functions of any government especially developing countries such as Nigeria is the provision of infrastructural services and social amenities such as hospitals, schools, good roads, electricity, pipe borne water, security of life and properties and to also ensure a rise in the per capital income, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and poverty alleviation to mention a few as stated by Soyode and Kajola (2006). For these services to be adequately provided, the government should hav... read more

This refers to the importance, relevance and benefits accruable to this research work at it’s completion. However, this research topic “Revenue mobilization as a means of budget realization” is central in every economy including Nigeria in which Akwa Ibom State is not an exception, as a result of these: this section will deal with the expected positive outcome of this research work in relation to Akwa Ibom State revenue mobilization as it affect the budget realization. This research study... read more

This study attempts to explore the impact of taxes on the dividend policy of Nigerian banks. T o do this, it tries to answer questions as to the actual relationship between taxation and dividend pay-out ratio. It also attempts to explore the possible impact of profits on the dividend pay-out and examines factors influencing dividend policies. The purpose is to reveal how propounded dividend policy theories could apply to Nigerian banks and to make relevant recommendations. The study covers all b... read more