CHAPTER ONE

AN EXAMINATION OF THE TECHNIQUES OF MANAGING FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN THE NIGERIA BANKING INDUSTRY.

1.0            INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF STUDY

       The issue of financial distress in the Nigerian banking industry has became the ‘Conequences of  bnak failures, the problem has became a major source of concern to the government, the regulatons of financial institutions and to the general public. The experience of Nigerians during the first era of bank failures in Nigerian between 1953 to 1959 was such that generated understandable apprehension among the banking public. Unfortunately, the problem has reducing up till now in the Nigerian financial system. Also distress in Nigerian banking system is a phenomenon that must be tackle with every amount of Vigour in order to minimize its occurrence in the economy.

Although, Nigerian thought this was a good own for the economy, it soon downed on them that the perceived boom was a mirage and gross mismanagement. The increasing number of distress in the nations banking industry has impacted negatively on the economy by slowing down the tempo of business activities. The courage also effects some government and some healthly banks which have cost some of the confidence which they had enjoyed before the issue of banking distress become pronounced.

1.2                                                              STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

         Financial distress in the Nigeria banking industry will therefore occure when a fairly reasonable proportion of banks in the system are unable to meet their obligations to their customer as well as their owners and the economy as a result of weakness in their financial, operational and managerial condition which have rendered them either insolvent. Also is a situation in which a sizable proportion of financial institutions have liabilities exceeding the market value of their assets.

    A financial institution is said to be in distress where evaluation by the supervising authorities depicts the institution as deficient in the following criteria.

1. Weak Management, reflected in the poor credit quality, inadequate internal controls. High rate of frauds.
2. High level of classified loans and advances
3. Gross under Capitalization relation to the level of operation.
4. Illiquidity, reflected in the inability to meet customers cash withdrawals.

1.3                                                              OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

       In view of the above problems of distress in the banking industry, this study in word term aims at examining the techniques of managing distress in the banking industry. This objecture in specific terms could be states this.

    To examine debt recovery and cost reduction as a techniques of managing financial distress in the banking industry.

    To also examines bank recapitalization as a techniques of managing financial distress in the banking industry. To examine bank acqusition and merger as technique of managing distress in the banking industry.

Also to make recommendation on haw to mange financial distress in the banking industry.

       To also examine bank Recapitalization as a technique s of managing financial distress in the banking industry.

    To make recommendation on how to mange financial distress in the banking industry.

4.1                                                                                      RESEARCH QUESTION

The aim of this study is to examine the techniques of managing financial distress in the Nigerian banking industry. The researcher demand it necessary to formulate the following question.

(i)  “Are Debt Recovery and cost Reduction a good techniques of managing financial distress in the banking industry

(2) “Is bank Recapitalisation a good techniques of managing financial distress in the banking industry?

(3) “Are Bank Acquisition and merger  a good techniques of managing financial distress in the banking industry?

1.4                                                              RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

     This study is to examine the techniques of managing financial distress in the Nigerian banking industry. Considering the nature of the subject matter, the researcher made it necessary to formulate the following hypotheisi.

(1)  Ho:            Debt Recovery and cost Reduction are not a good techniques of

                        Managing financial distress in the banking industry.

(2)  Hi: Debit recovery and cost reduction are a good techniques of   

                        Managing financial distress in the banking industry.

      Hi: banking Recapitalization  is a good techniques of managing          

                        Financial distress in the banking industry.

(3)  Ho:            Bank Acquisition and merger are not a good techniques of

            Managing financial distress in the banking industry.

      Hi: Bank Acquisition and merger are not good techniques of

                        Managing financial distress in the banking industry.

1.5                                                              SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

       This research work which deals mainly in examining the techniques of managing financial distress in the Nigeria banking industry will be of much significance to the readers, it will make them to be aware of the unhealthy conditions being experienced in our banking industry as well as being familiar with the various suggested technique which could be applied to reduces the banking industry out of this distress. It should be noted that a country’s wealth development, and advancement it normally judged by the healthness of it’s banking industry. Also this study therefore sets to as certain the technique of managing distress in the Nigerian banking industry.

    The study will be of immense benefits to business students, other researchers in the field, financial institutions, and regulatory institutions and will obviously add to the pool of knowledge in the field of banking. 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1.8     The aim here is to explain all the unique term used here, in order to avoide mis-interpretation as follows:

1)      Recapitalisation:          this refers to the process of injecting more funds into a bank in order to make it carry on profitable business.

2)      Liquidation:    This refers to bringing to an end the operation of a going concern (bank) by the authorized authority.

3)      Insolvert:         Also is refers to ban is inability to meet the needs of its customers in the ordinary course of business.

4)      Fraud:    This can be defined as a conscious and deliberate effort aimed at financial advantage at the detriment of another person who is the rightful owner of the fund.

5)      Mergers and Acquisitions:   This means the crises ridden banks can pull their resources together through mergers. Stronger banks could take over or acquire the weaker ones for purpose of strengthening them and saving the entire financial system from collapse.

6)      Deregulation:  This referes to the relaxing of the stringent conditions that where lither to prevalent in the registration of banks.

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