Almost all kinds of business activities directly or indirectly involve the acquisition and use of funds. There exists an inseparable relationship between finance on the hard and production and other functions on the other. In a business set up, the functions of recruitment and promotion of employees are clearly the work of the personnel department. Sales promotion policies come within the functions of the marketing department. These activities performed by these departments (personnel and marke... read more

Events over the years have shown that investors present and potential wants to invest their funds in anticipation of good future returns INVESTMENT APPRAISAL TECHNIQUES and its resultant making of decision is critical to all investors (both institutional and individual investors) aspiring to expand their investment income. The purpose of this write up arose from the need to determine whether: - The theoretical investment evaluation techniques are being adopted by invest... read more

This research study is based on the problems and prospects of local government finance in Nigeria; it is a comparatively study of Enugu North and Enugu South Local Government of Enugu State. The study is divided into give chapters, each focusing on particular aspect of the subject. Chapter one covers the general introduction to the subject. Statement of problems, statement of objectives, test of hypothesis, significance of study, limitation and scope of the study, and finally the definition... read more

Grace of God Mission started in the late seventies, but was registered as a corporate body under the “Land Perpetual Succession Act Lap 98” on 14th October, 1980. Grace of God Mission as one of the leading and dynamic Pentecostal churches in Nigeria has a network of branches across each region of Nigeria and some branches outside Nigeria. However, Awkunanaw began as a local church branch in 1984 under the pastoral care of late Rev. Raymond Iwundu. The church at Awkunanaw grew like mu... read more

The impact of financial ratios on the performance of a business organization is becoming more apparent to users of financial statement. Business’s performancecan be monitored with tools called financial ratios which help to interpret financial information about the company. According to Ofoegbu (2003), the more you know about how your business is performing, the easier it will be for you to make informed decisions about how to manage and grow your business. Accounting ratios are widely u... read more

The accounting system can be regarded as a universal phenomenon needs not only by individual but also by organization. For these reason bookkeeping and accounting records need to be properly scrutinized and analyzed. It can be truly said that the accounting system has become the foundation on which the whole fabric of modern commerce rest.Business transaction can only be carried out in the crudest forms and development for the modern credit system. With it obvious advantages of convenience wo... read more

Inventory valuation allows companies to provide a monetary value for items that make up their inventory (stock). Inventories are usually the largest current asset of a business and are as important as funds (cash). It is a form of fund tied up in assets (current assets). Its proper or accurate measurement or valuation cannot be overlooked as it forms a greater percentage of an enterprise’s current assets in particular and a total asset in general. For manufacturing companies, inventories u... read more

Various accounting system is being used by different organizations or firms to speculate and analyse their financial statue. However, for an organization to know the system of accounting they will adopt depends on the kind of transaction/business or activities such organization engaged Nigeria my country. The problem of adopting a particular accounting system especially among the various local governments in the states, has always been taken into consideration to ensure good control and effic... read more

The main objective of this researcher work is to find out by investigation and analysis how the services of accountants assist in the effective financial management in private and public organization. For some time now, cases of frauds, embezzlement and inadequate of accounting system which have led many establishment to liquidation and as such became necessary that a research be undertaken to find out a permanent solutions to the problem. In chapter one efforts were ma... read more

Every business has an overriding responsibility to make the fullest possible use of its resources both human and material. An enterprise is a corporate citizen. . Like a citizen, it is esteemed' and judged by its actions in relation to the community of which it is a member as well as by its economic performance. The corporate sectors in Nigeria has not been performing as a good citizen that is why there are so many laws that have been laid down and further amended from time to time as when requi... read more

The term audit is derived from the latin verb "Audire" which means "tohear". The origin of audit dates from ancient times when the landownersallowed tenant farmers to work on their land whilst landowners themselvesdid not become involved in the business of farming. The landlords reliedupon an overseer who listened to the accounts of stewardship given by thetenants this period the word audit is described as: The ,independent examination of, and expression of opinion on the financial statements... read more

The topic of dividend policy continues as one of the most challenging and controversial issues in corporate finance and financial economies. Research into dividend policy has, shown not only that a general theory of dividend policy remains elusive, but also that corporate dividend varies over time between firms. For a firm, which encounters financial difficulties, reliance is placed on retained earnings and accordingly results in lower payout ratios. However, shareholders have been enthusi... read more

Every business needs investment to procure fixed assets, which remain in use for a longer period. Money invested in these assets is called ‘Long term Funds’ or ‘Fixed Capital’.Business also needs funds for short-term purposes to finance current operations. Investment in short term assets like cash,inventories, debtors etc., is called ‘Short-term Funds’ or‘Working Capital’. Working capital refers to that part of thefirm's capital which is required for financing short term orcurren... read more

The sources of changes are diverse, well known and, most times, irreversible. They include technological innovation, deregulation, and inauguration of the computer information age, changed consumer demands, globalization, and the rush toward democratization, among others. These changes are impacting seriously on the environment of business. Yet it looks as if the coast is not clear, as these changes are most likely to stretch into the next millennium and beyond long as the indices keep swinging.... read more

According to Nwankwo (1990), since the first formal bank was established in 1656 in Sweden, the banking industry has always been a pervading institutional player in any given economy, being the only sector that thrives on other people's money. Although element of the practice of banking has always existed both In pre and post-colonial periods, the introduction of modern banking in Nigeria dates back to 1892 when the African Banking Corporation (ABC) came into existence, engaging in commercial ac... read more

In the real sense of economic development, the efficiency and effectiveness of a nation's economy rests viably on its ability to meet with the demands of the populace of such an economy. In order words, the effectiveness of an economic is vested on the manufacturing sector. This is because, the indices by which the development and progress of an economy is measured is predicated on the goods and services so produced by the out fits in such a sector which could either be consumed locally or be... read more

An audit involves the independent examination of an expression person in accordance with the terms of engagement and the observance of statutory regulations and professional requirement (Okolie, 2008). According to Milichamp (2003) the primary objective of an audit is to produce a report by the auditor of his opinion of the truth and fairness of financial statement, so that any person reading and using them can have belief in them. Corporate management is a genetic term used to describe the ... read more

Any successive management is constantly estimating the performance of her comparing it with the company's historical figures, with its industry editors. And even with successful business from other industries. To complete a thorough' examination of company is effectiveness, however, one need to look at more than just easily attainable numbers like sales, Profits and total assets. One must be able to read between the lines of financial statements and make the seemingly inconsequential numbers acc... read more

As it will be practically impossible to talk of a building without a foundation, so also it will be professionally imbalance to talk of Audit procedure in a public sector organization” without actually bringing to time light what public sector organization portrays. Public sector organization refers to those organizations set up by government for the purpose of providing social services with profit motive if any, at the background. “organization” in the eyes of the law is an actual b... read more

Management accounting techniques have in no small measure assisted different organizations especially manufacturing companies, in their decision making processes. It is a known fact that techniques change over the time largely because business themselves and the societies that they operate change as well. What was considered as a good management technique year ago may be considered ineffective in making decision in the future. Also, changing external business environment has resulted in furth... read more