Finance for the general research work will be a challenge during the course of study. Correspondents also might not be able to complete or willing to submit the questionnaires given to them. However, it is believed that these constraints will be worked on by making the best use of the available materials and spending more than the necessary time in the research work. Therefore, it is strongly believed that despite these constraint, its effect on this research report will be minimal, thus, mak... read more

ccording to Wanjohi (2009) starting and operating a small business includes a possibility of success as well as failure. Because of their small size, a simple management mistake is likely to lead to sure death of a small enterprise hence no opportunity to learn from its past mistakes. This may be attributed to lack of planning, improper financing and poor management has been cited as the main causes of failure of small enterprises (Longenecker, 2006). Though it is clear that small and medium sca... read more

he position of the secretary in any organization is very distinct. She is very essential and an image-maker of the organization. She is the mirror of her organization while some describe her as the life wire of the organization. Hence it because doubtful if any chief executive can discharge his duties properly without the assistance of a secretary. Apart from being an administrative assistance the secretary perform such other functions such as clerical and receptionist duties and in some case... read more

angen (2002) argues the term productivity clearly has a profitability component, but profitability is strongly influenced by the prices a company pays for its input and receives for its output. If a company can recover more than the cost of its input from rising prices for its output, its profitability can be increased even in times when its productivity is decreasing. That is also a strong argument for productivity being expressed in physical units (in quantities) instead of monetary units. How... read more

Organizational effectiveness rests on the efficient and effective performance of workforce that makeup the organization. The efficient and effective performance of the workforce in turn, rest on the richness of the knowledge, skills and abilities possessed by the workforce. Capacity building and development in most organizations is a continuous act/exercise. The inexorable march of time and the ceaseless glamour for social change combine to make adaptability and continuing preparation of the wor... read more

Delegation of authority involves a manger given one his employees a task to carry out and the corresponding authority. One of the major challenges of delegation of authority is the abuse of power by the employees. Some employees let the short term authority given to them to get into their head and they end up misbehaving. The choice of employee to delegate duty and authority to is one the problems faced by a manger when it comes to point of delegation of authority. It is impossible for a... read more

Multiple pricing strategies is a type of pricing strategy that involves selling the same product with difference pricing. One of the major challenges of multiple pricing strategies of Telecommunication products (excpecially MTN and Globacom) is the inconsistency in the price and this influence the trust of customers on the products. When there is no consistency in the price of products, customers tend to loss trust in the credibility of the organization. These problems necessitate the need to ca... read more

Pension programmes, especially those that are publicly financed and administered, have become an issue of concern to economists, policymakers and the general public. This is not only because such programmes are central to the well-being of pensioners and the elderly, but also because the majority of pension programmes are not actuarially balanced (that is they are not financially stable) and as such, they are run at deficits, thus making the present values of their future liabilities to be enorm... read more

here is a growing awareness among the industry players that this process is time consuming, costly and could lead to irreparable damage to the employer-employees’ relationships. In other words, it is in the best overall interests of the disputants to resolve the conflicts as soon as possible before they escalate to formal litigation, as this can lead to unfavorable financial and non-financial repercussion such as stoppage of work, increased operational cost, negative image, loss of goodwill an... read more

igh salaries, good working conditions, health and dental insurance, retirement plans, stock purchase programmes, reduced work hours, technological advancement, educational reimbursement programmes among others might seem to be the necessary ingredients for individual happiness and fulfillment in the world of work. Despite these benefits, there are many employees at all levels that appear to be dissatisfied and delusion with themselves, their work and their future. Most workers realize that in an... read more

ower outages can affect businesses activities through a variety of channels, which eventually lead to negative effects on productivity (Antoine et al., 2013). First, there is the efficiency channel, through which discontinuous power provision is synonymous with disruption in the production process, causing productive resources to lie idle, resulting in lower output level. Second, there are the costs associated with the replacement or repair of broken machines and equipment on the one hand, and t... read more

e major problem of the bank is how to retain and remain in the leadership position in the years of its existence, hence the need for training policy that will bring improve quality services. The problem also stems from the fact that the bank is yet to evolve the philosophy of training and development which implies that there must be management, employee commitment and team work for quality training, also Inadequate funding of training, failure to engage credible professional trainers and adequat... read more

ere is an increasingly fast-paced competition for excellent customer service amongst banks, handling customer complaints effectively has become a real point for competitiveness. When companies show an inability to deal with customer complaints, customer allegiance could be affected, resulting in high customer turnover and low customer retention. Morrisson & Huppertz (2010) posited that, when companies fail to effectively handle customer complaints, that particular customer could be lost in the p... read more

Every business desires to increase the productivity and lessen turnover, thereby leading to be profitable. Employee turnover supervision is an obligation to attain organizational goals effectively (Kakar, Raziq, & Khan, 2015). However, high turnover would bring devastation to the business in the form of both direct and indirect costs. Direct costs are referred to costs such as expenses on recruitment, selection, orientation, workshop and training for the fresh employees (Gberevbie, 2010)... read more

owadays many firms like to concentrate on gaining a competitive advantage in the market. The advance equipment, new technology, good marketing strategy, excellent customer services and many other elements can be the factors to build up for the advantages. However, human resource is the most important assets of an enterprise and its success or failure depends on their qualifications and performance (Ongori, 2007). The employees are the repository of knowledge, skills and abilities that can’t be... read more

he performance of organization and employee motivation has been the focus of intensive research effort in recent times. How well an organization motivates its workers in order to achieve their mission and vision is of paramount concern. Employees in public sector organization are becoming increasingly aware that motivations increases productivity (Eromaturu, 2010). From the foregoing, and looking at today’s economic trend, it is evident that the pace of change in our business environment prese... read more

he resultant effect is usually loss substance and consequently, loss accumulation, a situation which can lead to banking failure. The marginal loans in the banking system calls to mind the important factor that national government of all` time preoccupy themselves with banks. This shows the degree of importance attached to liquidity and its management by these governments and deviation from its ratio or inadequacy of it management always spells trouble for the banking concerned. The f... read more

In an attempt to curb these problems retailing shops issue customer cards to customers granting the customers with some benefits. If owning a card of a company is enough to influence a customer to make all his purchases from that particular shop or company, then how would such customer determine where to make his purchases if he or she has two or more cards of different competitors? In such instance, there is the need to find out which other factors come into play to influence a customer in his ... read more

is study provides guidance to the management at different level and employees Covenant University and other organization, to understand factors that affects employees’ commitment and effects of employees’ commitments to organizational performance. Moreover, there is lack of studies concerning employees' commitment in the study area. Thus, this study makes suggestions to the management for further implementation, and gives a better understanding on the work environment In addition, the study ... read more

Journalism profession in Nigeria encounters a catalogue of problems especially under the military regime. There has been no smooth romance between the journalists and the government in power, rather what was seen then was harassment, detention without trial, of the journalist involved. These hazards/dangers that face the profession were caused by the incessant enactment of repressive press laws by the government. The masses depend on the journalists for information on what is happening in the... read more