Economics is a social science that studies how individuals, governments, firms and nations make choices on allocating scarce resources to satisfy their unlimited wants. Economics is concerned with human behavior such as how people earn their living and make a choice between alternatives to satisfy their wants. It focuses on the study of firms and the government whose activities are geared to the production of goods and services for the satisfaction of human want since economics is concerned with... read more

Instructional materials are materials or tools used to enhance or enlighten the effective teaching and learning process among students in schools. Teaching and learning are concerned with the training of students, but learning is a complete process. It can however be defined as a change in disposition, a relatively permanent change in behaviour overtime and this is brought about by experience, learning can occur as a result of newly acquired skills, knowledge, perceptions, facts, pr... read more

Many educationists have defined continuous assessment in different ways. The handbook on continuous assessment (FMEST, 1999) defined continuous assessment as a mechanism whereby the final grading of students in the cognitive, effective and psychomotor domains of behaviour take into account in a systematic way, all his performance during a given period of schooling. Adebib (1999) saw continuous assessment as a systematic and objective process of determining the extend of a student’s performa... read more

At the centre of any meaningful education system stands a teacher. Teachers serves as the nerve of education. They serve not only as the conveyor of knowledge but also as the passage through which knowledge passes to learners. Following from this, Taylor (2004) says that the role of teachers in the society lies at the heart of intellectual and social life’s. it is through teachers that each generation comes to the term with its heritage, produces new knowledge and learns to deal with change. T... read more

Education is an instrument “par excellence” for effecting national development. In Nigerian, it has witnessed active participation by non-governmental agencies, communities and individuals as well as government intervention. Government has stated that for the benefit of all citizens, the country’s educational goals shall be clearly set out in terms of their relevance to the needs of the individual and those of the society, in consonance with the realities of our environment and the modern ... read more

According to Ejili and Anyanwu 2006, the words “education comes from two Latin words “Educare and educame. Educare means to lead to , that is leading a learner from one state of knowledge to a better state of knowledge. “educare” means to bring up or rear, hat is moulding a learner towards the development of his/her innate potentials. How ever, various educators and commentators see the term education differently. The opinions of the various scholars are influenced by their experience... read more

The most innovative contribution contained in the national [policy of education (2004) to the development and modernization of Nigerian educational system is in the area of secondary education. The policy prescribed a two tier secondary education lasting for a period of six years. A child is required to spend three years of secondary education in junior secondary school and another three years in the senior secondary school, if a child or the student performs well in both continuous assessment ... read more

In order to have a describable change in the learner, good teaching must take place and to bring about good teaching, the teacher should be able to convey their message in the simplest, most convincing and practical way to the learner using innovative techniques. These innovative techniques are the instructional materials used in teaching and learning. The instructional to make teaching easy and practical for the learners to understand the subject. These objects according to Umoh-Mac and N... read more

Science is an intellectual activity carried on by humans that is designed to discover information about the natural world in which humans live and to discover the ways in which this information can be organized into meaningful patterns. A primary aim of science is to collect facts (data), an ultimate purpose of science is too discern the order that exists between and amongst the various facts. Ezendu (2002) defined Science is a body of knowledge, which is acquired through observation and s... read more

Education is a good instrument for the comprehensive development of the human beings where the whole body is effectively utilized to achieve a pre-determined set of objectives, (A.E. Ejili and N.O. Anyanwu, 2006). It is a complex process which starts to improve out lives as soon as we are born, and continues to do so until we die. According to F.H. Aguba (2006: 58) “The aim of education is the production of good men, that is, for one to be educated, one must be prepared to use the knowledge of... read more

According to the trend and research in educational technology in Nigeria, written by Imogie I. (ed) 1991. An Instructional material is the materials that add beauty to teaching. It is the material and equipment, specimen and objects that make teaching and learning to be more effective. Instructional material is the material that makes the lesson really practical. In addition, to practicalise the lesson, the use of instructional material makes teaching and learning process more in... read more

Motivation is not completely a new term. What is interesting about it is that it is commonly assumed to be a good thing that goes in influencing individual’s behavior and performance at work. Teacher motivation naturally has to do with teacher’s attitude to work. It has to do with teachers desire to participate in the pedagogical process within the school environment. It has to do with teacher’s interest in student discipline and control particularly in the classroom. Therefore it coul... read more

The factors militating against the effective teaching-learning of computer science in junior secondary schools in Enugu North L.G.A. Enugu are those factors that make the subject not to be properly understood by the students. They are those limitations that create ineffective understanding of computer to students in junior secondary school in Enugu North L.G.A. Enugu State. The research highlighted some factors that contributes to it. They include: i. Instruct... read more

Meaning of academic performance of student is challenging, since science student performance is the produce of socio-economic, psychological and environmental factors. Education ought to be growing as a profitable industry with prime objective of maximizing profit by delivering high quality education that produces well educated, skilled and manned student according to needs and requirement of the dynamically growing market. There are two group of student as generally perceived. That is those who... read more

There are many ways of doing many things we encounter in our environment and all life endeavors. The field of education is not an exception. In imparting knowledge to learners with the purpose of achieving a desired positive objective in the end, there are several ways to adopt for that. In overcoming a task, although there are many ways of doing so, one could think of the best and most efficient and quickest means to overcome such a task. Hence we are interested in not only knowing ways of d... read more

Man cannot exist without his environment. The essence of his existence is to the extent of the availability and dependency of his environment. Based on this, in recent times every effort its made to alleviate the poor environmental conditions of man as to protect man (Schandorf, et al, 2003). Man is engulfed in his environment that he cannot do without environment. According to Chambers 21st Century Dictionary environment is defined as the surroundings or conditions within which something or som... read more

According to Fakunle (1986) fundamental of sex education, journal of education psychology vol. 1 page 45-52 see the role of teaching sex education as a phenomenon is so complicated that people have different view about it. These differences bring tolerance in sexuality among some, while it creates problems in some in some other ethnic groups where they bring boys and girls into the same school created problems of physical contact and emotional involvement, which eventually result in arousing sex... read more

Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomia, "management of a household, administration") from οἶκος (oikos, "house") + νόμος (nomos, "custom" or "law"), hence "rules of the house(hold)". Political economy was the earlier name for the subject, but economists in the late 19th century suggested "economics" as a shorter term for "economic s... read more

According to Ogungbemi, (2015) ethics is about behavior and ways of thinking, especially in situations where our choice may affect the dignity and well-being of others. Because ethical behavior involves free choice, it can not be captured in the rule. The standard of reference for what is ethical must exist "outside the human definition" and therefore can not be open to human negotiation (Ogungbemi, 2015). Although Ayodele in 2014 argues that the terms morality and ethics are often used intercha... read more

Education transforms individuals into problem solvers who evince knowledge and are capable of utilizing the acquired knowledge to provide solutions to a wide range of problems. A good level of education confers on a student a corresponding high level of meta cognitive skills which in turn helps the student to have a good knowledge of himself as a cognitive processor, and knowledge of task and strategy variables necessary for effective learning (Hoe, Cheong and Yee, 2013). However, sometimes, ... read more