An instructional or teaching method comprises the principles and methods used for instruction. Commonly used instructional methods include class participation, demonstration, recitation, memorization, etc or combination of two or more of these methods. The choice of instructional method or methods to be used depends largely on the information or skill that is being taught and may also be influenced by the aptitude and enthusiasm of the students. (labspace.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/vi). No one s... read more

In organizational psychology, it is frequently expressed that job performances is a function of ability and motivation. Performance can be regarded as almost any behaviour which is directed towards task or goal accomplishment. The importance of motivation and its effects on employees’ performance and retention is recognized by many organizations today. Good performance among employees in an organization has many implications such as high motivation among employees, outstanding ability, good or... read more

A baby is in the making as soon as conception takes place. Normally, it takes 9 months for a full grown baby in the womb to be born into the world, barring all accidents and pre-mature delivery. A baby right from conception, is a unique individual with his or her special characteristics, Caplan and Caplan (1995). According to them, the nature of children is such that no two children are completely the same or alike in everything not even identical twins. Thus, there are obvious differences that ... read more

Teaching is both an art and a science. According to Anyanwu (2000), it is an instrumental, practical art rather than a fine-art. That is teaching "requires an improvisation, spontaneity, the handling of a vast array of considerations of form, style, pace, rhythm and appropriateness in ways, so complex that even computers must lose the way" (Anyanwu, 2000). Tumble (2003) states that teaching process is too complex, with a nearly infinite variety of circumstances, subjects, student groups, and ... read more

In Nigeria, in general terms, the image of the classroom teacher at all levels of the Nigerian educational system is nothing to write home about. This means that the average Nigerian teacher is seen as a “Mr or Mrs-nobody”. In terms of recognition, the teacher is the last on the list. This is because, an average Nigerian sees the teacher as a poor personality due to the fact that the teacher's condition of serve is always on the low point. According to Ejiogu (1998), the teacher is poorly an... read more

The quest for improvement in undergraduate teacher education in the Nigeria Universities has remained a major concern. This is because of the poor quality of the graduates being produced by these universities. The complaints about the quality of undergraduate instruction are both current and chronic as observed by Aduwa-Oglebaen (2005). In addition, he stated that there was the need for improvement in undergraduate practice in Nigerian universities. He recommended better preparation of graduates... read more

Parents are the greatest single influence on their children’s development in two indisputable ways. Parents act as socializing agent in providing goals and value system from which the child develops various patterns of behaviours. In some situations, parents adopt care free attitude towards the learning of their children, even their social orientation, and this has in many instances, caused the low academic performance of children even their maladaptive behaviours in their immediate society... read more

Christian Religious Knowledge (CRK) as known at secondary school level is a subject that has always played an important role in human history. It is one of those subjects that provide opportunities for the full development of the child’s cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. It is a process by which children understand the religious traditions of life and thought. It also helps one to be sensitive to the ultimate question posed by life and to the dimensions of mysteries and wonders tha... read more

Mathematics and its applications have changed dramatically. The advent of calculation and computers as tools in mathematics have changed the way tmathematicians do mathematics and the way scientists, engineers, and social scientists use mathematics. Many individuals are proposing that it is time to re-evaluate the content of the Mathematics curriculum in order that it begins to reflect these changes (Arlmond, 2002). Past Mathematics curricula have put a great deal of emphasis on manipulative ... read more

The increasing awareness of the importance of education to the upliftment of the individual and societal standards has awakened in people and nations a conscious effort at devoting their meager resources to acquiring qualitative education. Also, “The strategic position of secondary education in the national educational system has made it a target of major concern.” This was the opinion of Segun Adeshina as far back as 1984. According to Adeshina (1984, P. ii) secondary education stands as... read more

Single-parent families can be defined as families where a parent lives with dependent children, either alone or in a large household, without a Spouse or partner Popenoe (1997). According to Adams (1998), there was rapid increase in the number of single-parent families in the latter half of the twentieth century. This change has been used by some to argue, that there is breakdown of the family values (defined as a married couple residing with their dependent offspring) with negative effects on c... read more

In Nigeria and the world over, education is a means of achieving a nation’s objectives. Education may be viewed as the transmission of what is worthwhile from generation to generation. It is the various ways in which a society creates and utilizes knowledge, including factual information and occupational skills as well as cultural norms and values, to its members. Education is also a life-long process, which transforms the life of an individual from that of helpless and dependent creature to a... read more

The senior secondary which is also three years of training, involves development of the scientific skills learnt in the JSS (junior Secondary School) level, while the four years of university education relate to the adaptation of the skills learnt. It is these skills that the individual applies in his daily life to enable him fit into the society. The new biology education with the new curriculum was started to be implemented from 1998-1999 education year. The goals and objectives of the new ... read more

The issue of quality in any education system cannot be compromised. The quality of educational administrators (principals), teachers and learners (students) in any nation determines the quality of its citizenry. The changes in the educational sector in Nigeria, especially in education district two (ii) demands that the school principals play a bigger and more important role in educational supervision. (Grauwe and Carron, 2004) states that principal supervisory roles in schools particularly... read more

Ever since the implementation of the CRS programme there have been the question about the moral standing of the teachers that are going to teach it. Teachers in general are seen has role models for the students that they teach. In the case of a teacher of CRS, moral lessons are a key part of the subject and when the teacher is found wanting in that particular aspect then there is a problem of what is being taught. There is a proverb that goes ‘practice what you preach’ when a teachers mor... read more

Teaching is both an art and a science. According to him, it is an instrumental, practical art rather than a fine-art. That is teaching "requires an improvisation, spontaneity, the handling of a vast array of considerations of form, style, pace, rhythm and appropriateness in ways, so complex that even computers must lose the way" (Anyanwu, 2000). Tumble (2003) states that teaching process is too complex, with a nearly infinite variety of circumstances, subjects, student groups, and age groups ... read more

The concept of gender has become an essential phenomenon for some psychologists on how students learn. Gender distinctions, gender bias, and gender issues remain very paramount in understanding achievement-related behaviours so as to make it predictable, and as such amenable to possible manipulations (Dee, 1988). The source of gender differences has long been a topic of heated debate. Though tests of general intelligence suggest on overall differences between men and women, there are large gende... read more

The predominant means of instruction has traditionally been through verbal medium, either as spoken lecture or written text. As more instructional resources of many different media types become available to students, through the internet, there is a need for educators to understand when these sources may be used effectively for instruction, as well as a need for students to develop an additional set of literacy skills in order to learn from these sources (Anyakoha, 1990). Tyner (2000) argued ... read more

The importance of ICT is quite evidence from the educational perspective. Though the chalkboard, textbooks, radio/television and film have been used for educational purpose over the years, none has quite impacted on the educational process like the computer. While television and film impact only on the audiovisual faculties of users, the computer is capable of activating the senses of sight, hearing and touch of the users. ICT has the capacity to provide higher interactive potential for users to... read more

The term planning has no doubt enjoyed wide application across disciplines. However, different institutional context and socio-political structures determine the specific activity that can be classified as involving planning. For example, what an architect may regard as a planning activity may slightly differ from that of a medical doctor, an engineer, an economist or an administrator. In the same vein, the content of planning in the former socialist USSR before the break up of the Republic or a... read more