Electricity is pivotal to the economic development of nations. Its use is directly correlated with healthy economic growth (Kaseke & Hosking, 2013). Nigeria is one of the most populated countries in Africa but only about 40% of the people are connected to the energy grid. The people who actually have power experience difficulties around 60% of the time (Aliyu, Ramli & Saleh, 2013). Aliyu, Ramli and Saleh, (2013) claim that these blackouts that is occasioned by poor power generation has cripp... read more

Financial transactions involving the use and movement of physical cash are gradually declining with the introduction of the CBN’s Cashless policy. This development has been of great concern to economist, the government of Nigeria and financial institutions. This aim of this study is to evaluate financial and economic transactions under the new CBN’s cashless policy and how the development has enhanced the financial sector of the economy of Nigeria. Concerning methodology, both prim... read more

Inflation is an inevitable property of any economy in the world. It influences every country, negatively as well as positively, whether it is developed or developing country as well. Anyanwu  (2011) stated that inflation is an important factor leading to social and economic instability and disorder. It is one of the most largely observed and tested economic variables both theoretically and empirically. Its causes, impacts on other economic variables, and cost to the overall economy are well kn... read more

The introduction of electronic banking, online transactions and mobile banking in Nigeria has paved way for a new era of development where the use and demand for physical cash is gradually declining. These recent evolution of technology in the Nigerian financial institutions posses interesting questions for economist, financial institutions, business analyst and the government regarding the current economical status, logistics, and availability of instruments to guarantee economic growth and sta... read more

Monetary policy deals with the discretionary control of money supply by the monetary authorities in order to achieve the desired economic goals. It cold be seen that money policy comprises of those government actions which are designed in attempt to change the influence the behaviour of the monetary sector of an economy. However, there are two views on the efficiency or monetary policy, monetarist and Keynesian view. The Keynesian view is that monetary policy should be direct towards interest ra... read more

This study sets out to examine managing monetary policy in an environment chocked up with huge fiscal deficits and public debt, high inflation rate etc, (which gives rise to fiscal dominance), in Nigerian setting during the period 1980 to 2004. To accomplish this, statistical hypotheses were stated empirically. In chapter two, of the study, the review of various monetary policies in Nigeria was highlighted. Also there were emphasis on the fiscal policy and arguments on which of the two polici... read more

Following the fluctuation of the naira in 1986, a policy induced by the structural adjustment programme (SAP), the subject of exchange rate fluctuation has become a topical issue in Nigeria. This is because it is the goal of every economy to have a stable rate of exchange with its trading partners. In Nigeria, this goal was not reached in spite of the fact that the country embarked on devaluation to promote export and stabilize the rate of exchange. The failure to realize this goal subjected the... read more

Common stock as it is called by the America investor is what is normally referred to as ordinary share or Equity. Ordinary share supply the basic risk capital of the company represented by shares (denominated) with a nominal value for instance in Nigeria of generally between 50k and N1. The nominal value can be different from the market value and the market value of a common stock /share indicates the current worth of the share at any particular time. This market value in practical life is c... read more

Adults learn in diverse ways and one of them is by bringing together experience with what they can see. When it comes to learning, it is believed that children learn faster that adults. Children find it easier to grab and learn because there is nothing that takes away their attention or focus from it such as thoughts, worries, etc. Learning in adulthood is completely different from learning in childhood. In other to understand adult undergraduates, we must completely, not partially, look into an... read more

Microfinance has emerged as an effective strategy for poverty reduction. Across developing countries (Nigeria for example) micro, small and medium enterprises are turning to microfinance institutions (MFIS) for an array of financial service-microfinance is acknowledged as one of the prime strategies to achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs)- access to sustainable financial service enable owners of micro enterprises to increase their capital base, build assets and reduce their vulnerabil... read more

Agriculture is concerned with the husbandry of crops and animals for food and other purposes. It is the foundation upon which the development of stable human communities, such as rural and urban communities has depended on in many parts of the world. The study of economic history provides us with ample evidence that an agricultural revolution is a fundamental pre-condition for economic development. The agricultural sector has the potentials to be the industrial and economic springboard from w... read more

The world is in the midst of demographic explosion and unless the trend is arrested mankind is heading towards catastrophe, many people believed that it is a law of nature that all population at all time tend to go on expanding until they reach the limits of substance. Population traps as predicted by Rev. Thomas R. Malthus in 1789 states that man is heading towards self-destruction and also in 1998 according to Malthus in regard to the increase in population growth he argues that human being l... read more

Increase in price level has always been compelling problem to both policy makers and the entire Nigerian citizenry. There is perhaps more debate on the question of prices than any other issue these days. This is not surprising since depending on which side of transaction an individual is on he/ she finds his welfare adversely or beneficially affected by a movement in one or more prices. The fact that price level leads to a fall in the standard of living, unpredictability of government policy act... read more

Nigeria still presents a clear reflection of the third world economy in which the growing economy has some working machinery, monetary and fiscal policies that aimed towards maintaining a balance in the entire economy so that growth and development, which is the ultimate goal of every economy, is realized. Generally, monetary policy refers to combination of measures designed to regulate the values, supply and cost of money in an economy in consonance with the level of economic activity.... read more

Investment according to Bierman et al (1975) is the commitment of funds in any real property financial assets with the primary objective of obtaining an income over time. It is a commitment of resources made in anticipation of realizing benefits that are anticipated to accrue to the investor over a reasonable long period in the future. By its very nature, an investment decision is essentially an irreversible commitment and it cannot be altered without some costs or loss. Another feature is th... read more

Foreign exchange is the means of payment for international transaction. It is made up of convertible currencies that are generally accepted for the settlement of international trade and other external obligation. Just like every other commodity, a market is established which works more like any other market having a supply curve, a demand curve and an equilibrium price and quantity. There are also conditions which are held constant (creteris paribus). When these conditions change, the curve shif... read more

Nigeria is a major of crude oil and importance or of this commodity has been highly manifested in the nation’s economy. Starting from the early 70’s, the petroleum industry has become the dominant industry in the economy following quickly after the agriculture the dominant industry before the discovery of crude oil. It has dictated the pace of economic, political, social and cultural progress in the country.

One of the greatest challenges facing the Nigeria economy is unemployment which has maintained a rising trend over the years. The total labour force in Nigeria is made up of all persons aged 15-64 years excluding students, home keepers, retired persons and stay-at-home to work or not interested. Unemployment in Nigeria is defined as the proportion of labour force that was available for work but did not work in the week proceeding the survey period for at least 39hours. Official figures from the ... read more

This study had the objective of assessing the role of gender in cooperative development, analyzing the socio-economic profile of the cooperators on the basis of gender, assessing gender contributions to cooperative development in terms of membership, organizational and leadership structures, examining technical efficiency and factors hindering the implementation of gender sensitive program and activities in Awka North Local Government Ar... read more

In Nigeria today, poverty has become a major problem facing the country. The question has been asked, how can this problem of poverty, which is effecting our economy be alleviated. Several government bodies have been set up to find solution to that. However, it is important to find out what poverty is all about and the meaning of cooperative by different scholars, and merge the two together for us to have a clearer of the purpose of this study. According to Oxford dictionary, poverty is a sta... read more