2012; Ugwuja, et al., 2011; Haidar, 2010). Among the micronutrient deficiencies the most common encountered are iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and folate deficiency 2 megaloblastic anemia. Of all anemia diagnosed during pregnancy, 75% are due to iron deficiency. Iron deficiency (ID) alone affects nearly 20% of the world’s population (Bick et al., 2006). The odds for developing anemia were 60% more likely in the iron-deficient and 40% more likely in the folic acid deficient. One in every three wo... read more

Every day there are nearly 1800 new HIV infections in children under 15 years of age, more than 90% occurring in the developing world. Most (about 90%) of these infections are associated with mother-to-childtransmission (MTCT). Moreover about, 1400 children under 15 years of age die of an HIV-related illness per day. Poor male partner involvement in PMTCT services is one of the factors contributing to reduced effectiveness of the PMTCT and hence failure to achieve the elimination of maternal to ... read more

For the purpose of this study, the research work will be out in Edo State in Sixty three health care facilities, including all tertiary and secondary care facilities and selected Primary Health Centres and Private Clinics were sampled from 8 Local Government Areas from the three senatorial districts in Edo State. Three pre-tested tools were adapted to the local setting and used to interview key informants in the health facilities and to observe for practices and records relating to infection con... read more

bortion has claimed the lives of hundreds of women and rendered many of them infertile in Big Qua Community due to its attendant effects and complications which include menstrual dsisorders rupture of the uterus or womb, recurrent abortion or miscarriages, septicemia, splitting of the cervix, adjacent organ damage, perforation of the uterus and even death. It is against this background that government has made provision for free antenatal care/services and treatment of the under fives so that wo... read more

In many communities in sub-Saharan Africa, pregnancy is viewed as a ‘woman’s affair’, with a man’s role primarily to provide financial support. Even where men view accompanying their partner to antenatal clinics or PMTCT services as good practice, many still feels their main role is to provide financing for registration and delivery fees (Nkuoh, 2010). In many settings, traditional gender roles and cultural beliefs mean that men often make decisions determining women’s particip... read more

n many communities in sub-Saharan Africa, pregnancy is viewed as a ‘woman’s affair’, with a man’s role primarily to provide financial support. Even where men view accompanying their partner to antenatal clinics or PMTCT services as good practice, many still feels their main role is to provide financing for registration and delivery fees (Nkuoh, 2010). In many settings, traditional gender roles and cultural beliefs mean that men often make decisions determining women’s participa... read more

ompounds isolated form plants (Arvigo and Balik, 2014). Plant product use covers some important therapeutic categories namely antimalarial, anticancer, antimicrobials, contraceptives, muscle relaxants, purgatives, hematinics, steroids and anesthesia. Advertisement in the mass media in Nigeria is a channel that TM providers often use to propagate spurious claims of “one product cures all”. It is believed that many modern medical practices like physiotherapy have their origin in traditional m... read more

ealth care systems are designed to meet the health care needs of target populations. There are a wide variety of health care systems worldwide. In some countries, the health care system evolved and was not expected, while in others, a concerted effort was made by governments, trade unions, charities, religious or other organizations coordinated provide planned health care services targeted to the populations they serve. However, the result of this study will help the government reform health se... read more

renatal exercise is of benefit to every pregnant mother. Exercise can reduce the length of labour, shorten the recovery time and even help with post-partum weight management (5). The physiotherapists in the hospital always come to the clinic as early as possible but they usually meet only few pregnant mothers because they come late to the clinic for the exercise as they see little or no need for prenatal exercise. The purpose of this study is to study how pregnant mothers perceive usefulness of ... read more

he classic waterborne enteric pathogens include Vibrio cholerae (serogroups O1 and O139, causing cholera), Salmonella enterica (subsp. enterica ser. Typhi, causing typhoid), and Shigella spp. (four species causing dysentery), which have largely been controlled by water treatment/disinfection and are therefore rarely an issue via drinking water in developed regions. However, person-to-person and foodborne spread maintains Shigella sonnei within the sewage of developed regions, along with closely-... read more

n Ghana, 2,062 new breast cancer cases and 1,137 breast cancer deaths were estimated annually (16.5% of all women cancer deaths), with age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of 25.8 and 15.2 per 100,000 women, respectively (Globocan 2008).[1] Sixty percent of cases were detected at late stages (IIB, III and IV).[8] The available data on median age are limited and mainly hospital based. Clegg-Lamptey et al. reported a median age at diagnosis of 43 years on a sample of 66 women newly diagn... read more

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM In Nigeria, there has been increased awareness about the benefits of exercise among pregnant women. Some clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effect of exercise on maternal outcome such as low back/pelvic pain, depression during pregnancy and postpartum, gestational weight gain and excessive weight gain, gestational diabetes and insulin resistance, urinary incontinence symptoms, cardiovascular fitness, and the impact of exercise on quality of life and hea... read more

he hepatitis B virus is spread between people through contact with the blood or other body fluids (i.e. semen, vaginal fluid and saliva) of an infected person, while the hepatitis C virus is spread through direct contact with infected blood. Very rarely it can also be passed on through other body fluids (Redmond, 2007). Many people infected with hepatitis B or C rarely displays any symptom, although they can still transmit the virus to others. Hepatitis B is a major disease of serious gl... read more

Significance of the study Health insurance is a health insurance risk hedged against the probability that if and when someone unexpectedly becomes sick, requires expensive treatments, or is at the mercy of a chronic condition that requires long-term care they will not fall into dire financial straits.It is a benefit provided through a government agency, private business, or non-profit organization. High-quality health care affects health and wellness. A health insurance policy is a contract be... read more

Due to the reduction in the rate of breastfeeding among nursing mothers in Nigeria, particularly nursing mothers in Uyo LGA, this study discovered some problems associated with this. One of such problem is the high level of poverty in the country. Some nursing mothers have this notion that it is only the rich mothers that can practice EBF; reason being that a mother who is breastfeeding must feed very well. She is expected to feed at least 8 times in a day. Considering the economic situa... read more

histosomiasis remain the second cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa after malaria. This is because the programme for the control of the disease has not being fully sustained due to the non – recognition by majority of the population on the public health importance of the disease and lack of political will by the policy makers to invest in its control. Currently, the complete epidemiological map of Schistosomiasis in Nigeria is yet to be completed. Likewise, the continuous establishment ... read more

One of the most devastating scourges of our time is the problem of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Undoubtedly HIV/AIDS present a major challenge to human development in Nigeria. Besides poverty, no problem has given Nigeria a more daunting challenge than the present battle with HIV/AIDS. According to Omoniyi (2013), HIV/AIDS can only be transferred through exchange of body fluid such as blood, semen and vaginal secretions. This means that HIV/AIDS c... read more

The people of Kaltungo Local Government Area were said to have migrated from the far East through former Kanem Borno Empire. They settle in various places like Ngazargamu after they left Yamen. It was from Kupto they came to their present settlement with struggles of wars (tribal). The Kaltungo people move together with tribes like Tera; Balewa; Karekare; Wasa; Kanakuru and other minor tribes. The people arrived to Tungo in the 18th century after a clash of interest they separated with his br... read more

: There is no significant relationship between respondents knowledge of HPV infection and vaccination Ho3: There is no significant relationship between the primary care giver and engaging with multiple sexual partners. 1.6 Justification of Study In line with previous literature, this study shows that born overseas was associated with the increase of human papilloma virus infection and the lower intake of human papilloma virus vaccine uptake( Jeudin P, Liveright E 2014). This sub... read more

Still birth: Still birth is a situation was by a baby is born dead. NEO Natal death: this is the death of babies after birth. Pre-Natal mortality: this is the period of the early death that starts from Festus too late birth before birth takes place. Exogenous death: these are the death caused by external factors such as accident. Endogenous death: these are the death caused by physical factors such as illness of any sort. Lactation: this is the period in which mothers/nursing mothers breast... read more