Milk is a highly nutritious food that serves as an excellent growth medium for a wide range of microorganism. Milk and its’ derivatives are considered vehicle of Staphylococcus aureus for human infections and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. The microbiological quality of milk and dairy products is influenced by the initial flora of raw milk, the processing conditions and post –heat treatment contamination. Undesirable microbes can cause spoilage of dairy products including Gram-negative p... read more

Countries and large corporations are beginning to realize the threat that these plastic bags pose to our planet. Many are proposing or have already enacted laws and taxes to decrease the use of polyethylene plastic bags. Many grocery stores are even rewarding customers for bringing reusable grocery bags as an alternative to these polyethylene plastic bags. Customers choosing not to use alternatives to plastic bags either find the alternatives are inconvenient or are simply unaware of the problem... read more

Antibiotic resistance: The ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to withstand an antibiotic to which they were once sensitive (and were once stalled or killed outright). Also called drug resistance (Medical Dictionary, 2008 Irrational use of medicines: This is a major problem worldwide. It is estimated that half of all medicines are inappropriately prescribed, dispensed or sold and that half of all patients fail to take their medicine properly. The overuse, under use or misuse of medicine... read more

The justification of these study sterns from the fact that with the erratic power supply in Nigeria, there is a high level of possibility for vaccines to lose their potency before they are delivered to the target population. For immunization to remain relevant, immunization providers must device means of maintaining the recommended storage conditions for vaccines from the transport to storage and eventual delivery to patients. This study remains important as vaccine storage is one important fact... read more

The sample of Mistletoe leaves was collected from an orange tree at Ururo in Umunze Anambra State. The leaves was extracted by using some solvent like ethanolic solvent, aqueous solvent n-hexane solvent and ethyl acetate solvent. The extracts was further analyzed which helps in determining the presence of phytochemical compounds in the Mistletoe plant leaf, such as alkaloids, flavonoid, phenol, tannins, steroid and saponins. These phytochemical compounds are found to be antimicrobial active agen... read more

To ensure safety and quality of the medicinal plants it is necessary to focus on all aspects of medicinal plant research from ethno – pharmacology, utilization, isolation and identification of active constituents to efficacy evaluation, safety, formulation and clinical evaluation. Quality control of the medicinal plants starts right at the source of the plant material. The phytochemical composition of the plant material and the resulting quality can vary due to several factors including a numb... read more

To ensure safety and quality of the medicinal plants it is necessary to focus on all aspects of medicinal plant research from ethno – pharmacology, utilization, isolation and identification of active constituents to efficacy evaluation, safety, formulation and clinical evaluation. Quality control of the medicinal plants starts right at the source of the plant material. The phytochemical composition of the plant material and the resulting quality can vary due to several factors including a numb... read more

ccording to reports, vegetables consumption is influenced by gender, age income education and family origin ad as well as health status (Wadle et al., 2000, Giskes et al., 2002). Some vegetables are also reserves for the sick and convalescence because of their medicinal properties. In Nigeria, most rural dwellers rely on leaves gathered from the wild as their main source of leafy vegetables. These vegetables are harvested at all stages of growth and fed either as processed, semi-processed or fre... read more

me simple exercises during pregnancy. Exercise has been known scientifically and physically to promote blood circulation to the mother and the fetal vital organs such as the brain, liver and heart etc., exercise also improves pelvic bone and muscle tone thus enhancing normal safe delivery of the baby during labour (Dianne & Myles, 2004). Shrock (2008) observed that as more pregnant women engage in demanding occupations, physical activities, and sports, the obstetrician and midwives who take care... read more

In Singapore for example, chronic diseases are significant cause of illness and death. Chronic diseases have serious impact on individuals and on society in general. They affect the quality of life of individuals and can be a financial burden on those who are affected. A number of risk factor related to an individual lifestyle can contribute to the development of chronic diseases (example cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory conditions, and diabetes). Risk factor such as unhealthy diet, p... read more

The use of GIS is not new in waterborne disease outbreaks and cholera studies. It has been applied in investigating waterborne disease outbreak (NWW, 1999), microbial risk assessment of drinking water reservoirs (Kistemann et al., 2001a), drinking water supply structure (Kistemann et al., 2001b), and spatial patterns of diarrhoea illness with regards to water supply structures (Dangendorf et al., 2002). In cholera studies, GIS technology has been applied in studying the correlation between socio... read more